ATI RN
ATI Pathophysiology Exam 2
1. A woman suffers from amenorrhea. Which of the following medications will most likely be prescribed?
- A. Testosterone
- B. Follicle-stimulating hormone
- C. Estrogen
- D. Lactate
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Estrogen is the correct answer. Amenorrhea, the absence of menstruation, is often due to hormonal imbalances. Estrogen plays a crucial role in regulating the menstrual cycle. Prescribing estrogen can help address these hormonal imbalances and restore menstrual cycles. Testosterone (Choice A) is not typically prescribed for amenorrhea in women as it can further disrupt hormonal balance. Follicle-stimulating hormone (Choice B) is involved in stimulating ovulation and follicle development, not the primary treatment for amenorrhea. Lactate (Choice D) is not a medication used to treat amenorrhea.
2. A nurse is reviewing the medical records of a client with chronic heart failure. What dietary recommendation should the nurse make?
- A. Follow a 3g sodium diet.
- B. Drink at least 3 liters of fluid per day.
- C. Place the client's lower extremities on two pillows.
- D. Maintain the client's oxygen saturation at 89%.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Follow a 3g sodium diet. For clients with chronic heart failure, limiting sodium intake is crucial to prevent fluid retention and exacerbation of heart failure symptoms. High sodium intake can lead to fluid buildup, causing the heart to work harder. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Drinking excessive fluid can worsen fluid retention in heart failure, elevating the workload of the heart. Placing the client's lower extremities on two pillows is a positioning intervention to alleviate edema, not a dietary recommendation. Maintaining oxygen saturation at 89% is more related to respiratory status rather than dietary management of chronic heart failure.
3. The nurse has given instructions to the client with an ileostomy about foods to eat to thicken the stool. The nurse determines that the client needs further instructions if the client stated to eat which of the following foods to make the stools less watery?
- A. Pasta
- B. Boiled rice
- C. Bran
- D. Low-fat cheese
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Bran is high in fiber and should not be consumed to thicken the stool as it will make the stools more watery.
4. A client prescribed clozapine is receiving discharge teaching from a nurse. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I should report a sore throat to my provider.
- B. I should avoid drinking grapefruit juice while taking this medication.
- C. I should take this medication with food.
- D. I should avoid taking this medication with food.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Clozapine can cause agranulocytosis, a serious condition that decreases the number of white blood cells. Reporting a sore throat is crucial as it could be a sign of infection. Choice B is incorrect because there is no specific interaction between clozapine and grapefruit juice. Choice C is incorrect because clozapine is usually taken without regard to meals. Choice D is incorrect as clozapine is generally taken without food to enhance absorption.
5. Which of the following are the primary bacteria involved in the initiation of dental caries?
- A. Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus species
- B. Salmonella and Listeria species
- C. Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, and Salmonella species
- D. Listeria, Botulinum species, and Escherichia coli
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus species. These bacteria are primarily responsible for initiating dental caries by fermenting carbohydrates and producing acids that demineralize enamel. Choice B, Salmonella and Listeria species, are not the primary bacteria involved in dental caries. Choice C includes Salmonella which is not a primary culprit in dental caries. Choice D lists Listeria, Botulinum species, and Escherichia coli, none of which are the primary bacteria associated with initiating dental caries.
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