Nursing Elites

1. Why is a pulse oximeter attached to Mr. Dizon's finger?

• A. To determine if the patient's hemoglobin level is low and if he requires a blood transfusion
• B. To check the level of the patient's tissue perfusion
• C. To measure the effectiveness of the patient's anti-hypertensive medications
• D. To detect oxygen saturation of arterial blood before symptoms of hypoxemia develop

Correct answer: D

Rationale: A pulse oximeter is used to detect the oxygen saturation levels in arterial blood before the onset of hypoxemia symptoms. This device provides essential information about the effectiveness of oxygen transportation to the body's tissues. Choice A is incorrect because a pulse oximeter does not directly measure hemoglobin levels nor determine the need for a blood transfusion. Choice B is incorrect because a pulse oximeter is designed specifically to assess oxygen saturation, not tissue perfusion. Choice C is incorrect because a pulse oximeter is not used to measure the efficacy of anti-hypertensive medications, but rather to monitor oxygen levels in the blood.

2. In approximately what percentage of cases is the prevalence seen?

• A. Type 1 Diabetes
• B. Type 2 Diabetes
• C. N/A
• D. N/A

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Type 1 Diabetes. The prevalence of Type 1 Diabetes is seen in approximately 5% to 10% of cases. This statement highlights a key epidemiological characteristic of Type 1 Diabetes. Choice B, Type 2 Diabetes, is incorrect because the prevalence mentioned does not align with Type 2 Diabetes, which has a much higher prevalence in the general population. Choices C and D are not relevant to the question and can be disregarded.

3. The preferred route of administration of medication in the most acute care situations is which of the following routes?

• A. Intravenous C. Subcutaneous
• B. Epidural D. Intramuscular
• C.
• D.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patient safety and efficacy of care depend on actions rooted in established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.

4. You are a researcher testing out the effects of a new food molecule—MEGA—on bone health. In order to know if it actually travels to bone cells in the body, you first need to find out if it gets absorbed in the bloodstream. You eat a food containing MEGA, and you measure the molecule in your urine and feces. You only detect MEGA in the feces. Was MEGA absorbed?

• A. No—absorbed compounds show up in urine, not feces
• B. Yes—absorbed compounds show up in feces, not urine
• C.
• D.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: If MEGA was only detected in feces and not in urine, it was not absorbed into the bloodstream. Absorbed compounds typically appear in urine after processing by the body. The correct answer is A because the presence of a compound in feces indicates that it was not absorbed by the body and passed through the digestive system. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the process of absorption and excretion in the body.

5. Each statement is true of fat-soluble vitamins, except one. Which is the exception?

• A. Fairly stable to heat, such as during cooking
• B. Contain carbon
• C. Stored in the pancreas
• D. Absorbed in the intestine along with fats and lipids in food

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Fat-soluble vitamins are not stored in the pancreas; they are stored in the liver and fatty tissues. Choice A is correct as fat-soluble vitamins are fairly stable to heat. Choice B is also correct as fat-soluble vitamins contain carbon. Choice D is correct as fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed in the intestine along with fats and lipids in food.

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