Nursing Elites

1. Why is a pulse oximeter attached to Mr. Dizon's finger?

• A. To determine if the patient's hemoglobin level is low and if he requires a blood transfusion
• B. To check the level of the patient's tissue perfusion
• C. To measure the effectiveness of the patient's anti-hypertensive medications
• D. To detect oxygen saturation of arterial blood before symptoms of hypoxemia develop

Correct answer: D

Rationale: A pulse oximeter is used to detect the oxygen saturation levels in arterial blood before the onset of hypoxemia symptoms. This device provides essential information about the effectiveness of oxygen transportation to the body's tissues. Choice A is incorrect because a pulse oximeter does not directly measure hemoglobin levels nor determine the need for a blood transfusion. Choice B is incorrect because a pulse oximeter is designed specifically to assess oxygen saturation, not tissue perfusion. Choice C is incorrect because a pulse oximeter is not used to measure the efficacy of anti-hypertensive medications, but rather to monitor oxygen levels in the blood.

2. Loss of smell results in a condition that limits capacity to detect the flavor of food and beverages called:

• A. Hypergeusia
• B. Dysgeusia
• C. Anosmia
• D. Phantom taste

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Anosmia is the loss of the sense of smell, which significantly impacts the ability to detect flavors in food and beverages.

3. Which of the following foods should be avoided by patients experiencing xerostomia, except one? Which is the exception?

• A. Saltines
• B. Salsa
• C. Alcohol
• D. Dill pickles

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is Dill pickles. Unlike the other choices, which can exacerbate xerostomia due to their dry or irritating nature, dill pickles, being tart and sour, can actually help stimulate saliva flow, which is beneficial for patients with xerostomia. Saltines, salsa, and alcohol are all known to contribute to dry mouth and should generally be avoided by individuals experiencing xerostomia.

4. During which stage of life is it most critical to build bone mass to prevent osteoporosis?

• A. Infancy
• B. Early childhood
• C. Adolescence
• D. Young adulthood

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Adolescence is the most critical stage for building bone mass, which plays a significant role in preventing osteoporosis in later life. During adolescence, approximately 45% of adult bone mass is formed. Although bone mass can be built during infancy, early childhood, and young adulthood, it is not as significant as during adolescence, making choices A, B, and D incorrect. Therefore, focusing on adequate nutrition and physical activity during adolescence is vital for long-term bone health.

5. A nurse is instructing the mother of a toddler who has iron-deficiency anemia to increase iron in the child's diet in addition to the prescribed iron supplement. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend?

• A. Skim milk
• B. Bananas
• C. Tuna fish
• D. Cucumbers

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Tuna fish is a good source of iron and would be beneficial for a toddler with iron-deficiency anemia. Skim milk, bananas, and cucumbers are not significant sources of iron and would not help in increasing the iron levels in the child's diet. Skim milk, in particular, can inhibit iron absorption due to its calcium content, which is important for the nurse to educate the mother about.

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