Nursing Elites

1. A psychologist who studied the relationship between sociocultural factors and mental disorders would be most likely to study ________.

• A. parenting style and self-schemas.
• B. poverty and racial discrimination.
• C. peer rejection and attributional style.
• D. assimilation and accommodation.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A psychologist who studies the relationship between sociocultural factors and mental disorders would focus on factors like poverty and racial discrimination. These factors have a significant impact on mental health outcomes within different populations. Choices A, C, and D are less directly related to sociocultural factors like poverty and racial discrimination and their influence on mental disorders, making them incorrect.

2. If Dr. Maple is a behaviorist, he would most likely believe that the cause of a child's disruptive behavior in school is the result of?

• A. A learning disability.
• B. His genetic inheritance.
• C. His prior experiences.
• D. A combination of his genetic inheritance and his prior experiences.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Behaviorists, like Dr. Maple, focus on how behavior is learned through interactions with the environment. They would attribute a child's disruptive behavior to their prior experiences rather than genetic factors. Choice A, a learning disability, relates more to cognitive or developmental perspectives. Choice B, genetic inheritance, is more aligned with biological or genetic theories. Choice D combines genetic and experiential factors, but behaviorists typically emphasize the influence of the environment on behavior.

3. The genetic influences that determine behavior may never be fully understood due to ________

• A. the ease of researching to differentiate between the effects of the environment and the effects of genes.
• B. the likelihood that most behaviors are determined by the interaction of many genes and the environment.
• C. the tendency to rely on twin studies in genetic research.
• D. our significant understanding of how genes impact brain chemistry.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because most behaviors are influenced by a complex interaction of many genes and the environment. Choice A is incorrect because it states that it is easy to differentiate between the effects of the environment and genes, which is not the case. Choice C is incorrect because although twin studies are commonly used in genetic research, this alone does not hinder the full understanding of genetic influences on behavior. Choice D is incorrect because even though we have some understanding of how genes impact brain chemistry, this does not mean that we fully understand the genetic influences on behavior.

4. How does the environment interact with genetic predispositions to influence mental health?

• A. The environment has no influence on mental health.
• B. The environment interacts with genetic predispositions to either enhance or mitigate mental health risks.
• C. The environment can only influence physical health, not mental health.
• D. The environment has a minimal effect on mental health outcomes.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. The environment interacts with genetic predispositions to either enhance or mitigate mental health risks. This highlights the intricate relationship between one's genetic makeup and the environmental factors they are exposed to, both contributing significantly to mental health outcomes. Choice A is incorrect as numerous studies show that the environment plays a crucial role in mental health. Choice C is incorrect as the environment can influence both physical and mental health. Choice D is incorrect as research indicates that the environment can have a substantial impact on mental health outcomes.

5. What are protective factors? Give an example of one and explain how it can impact a person's later functioning.

• A. Protective factors are influences that modify a person's response to environmental stressors, making adverse consequences less likely.
• B. An example of a protective factor is having a warm and caring parent, which may lead to resilience.
• C. Protective factors usually lead to resilience, the ability to adapt successfully to stressful circumstances.
• D. Protective factors always prevent the development of psychopathology.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Protective factors are influences that modify a person's response to environmental stressors, reducing the likelihood of adverse outcomes. An example of a protective factor is having a warm and caring parent, which can foster resilience in individuals. Resilience allows individuals to adapt successfully to stressful situations. Choice A is incorrect as protective factors do not always prevent adverse consequences but reduce their likelihood. Choice C is incorrect as resilience is the outcome of protective factors, not the other way around. Choice D is incorrect as while protective factors can reduce the risk of psychopathology, they do not always prevent its development.

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