Nursing Elites

1. Which psychological perspective, emerging in the 1950s and 1960s, reflects a renewed interest in studying the mind or consciousness, similar to psychology's early days as a science in the late 1800s?

• A. Cognitive perspective.
• B. Mental perspective.
• C. Philosophical perspective.
• D. Biological perspective.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is the Cognitive perspective. The cognitive perspective indeed emerged in the 1950s and 1960s, reflecting a renewed interest in studying the mind and consciousness, akin to early psychology's focus when it first established as a science in the late 1800s. This perspective emphasizes mental processes, problem-solving, decision-making, and information processing. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the mental perspective is too generic and does not capture the emphasis on processes, the philosophical perspective is more focused on theories and concepts, and the biological perspective centers on the influence of biology on behavior rather than consciousness and mental processes.

2. Freud's psychosexual stage that occurs between the ages of 3 and 5 and includes the Oedipal period is the _________ stage.

• A. Oral
• B. Anal
• C. Phallic
• D. Genital

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Phallic. Freud's psychosexual stage that occurs between ages 3 and 5 and includes the Oedipal period is the phallic stage. This stage is characterized by the Oedipus complex for boys and the Electra complex for girls. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the oral stage typically occurs during the first year of life, the anal stage occurs around ages 2 to 3, and the genital stage is the final stage in Freud's theory of psychosexual development.

3. What are genes made of?

• A. Trisomes
• B. Chromosomes
• C. DNA
• D. Proteins

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Genes are made of DNA, which is the genetic material that carries the instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of organisms. While chromosomes contain genes, they are not what genes themselves are made of. Proteins are involved in gene expression and regulation, but they are not the primary material genes consist of. Trisomes is an incorrect term in this context and does not relate to the composition of genes.

4. School phobia among kids may be a form of?

• A. Occurs every time when one is in a certain situation
• B. Occurs most of the time when one is in a specific situation
• C. Be unexpected
• D. Expected

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Be unexpected.' School phobia in children is often associated with separation anxiety disorder, leading to unexpected and intense fear or anxiety about attending school. Choices A and B are incorrect because school phobia does not necessarily occur every time or most of the time when in a specific situation; it is more about the unexpected fear related to attending school. Choice D is also incorrect because school phobia is characterized by an unexpected and overwhelming fear of school, not an expected or anticipated reaction.

5. Freud's psychosexual stage that occurs between the ages of 3 and 5 and includes the Oedipal period is the ________ stage.

• A. genital
• B. oral
• C. phallic
• D. latency

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Freud's psychosexual stage that occurs between the ages of 3 and 5, including the Oedipal period, is the phallic stage. During this stage, children experience the Oedipus or Electra complex, where they develop unconscious sexual desires for the opposite-sex parent and see the same-sex parent as a rival. The genital stage (Choice A) is the final stage where mature sexual interests emerge, oral (Choice B) and anal stages precede the phallic stage, and latency (Choice D) is a stage following the phallic stage characterized by a focus on developing social and cognitive skills.

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