Nursing Elites

1. A psychological disorder is said to have an acute onset if the symptoms develop ______, while it has an insidious onset if the symptoms develop ______.

• A. Suddenly;gradually
• B. Suddenly;atypically
• C. Gradually;atypically
• D. Atypically;suddenly

Correct answer: A

Rationale: An acute onset refers to the sudden development of symptoms, whereas an insidious onset indicates a gradual progression of symptoms. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Suddenly;gradually.' The other choices are incorrect because 'atypically' does not accurately describe the onset of symptoms in this context.

2. With which of the following statements would a behaviorist agree?

• A. Conscious experiences can be studied in an objective, precise way.
• B. In order to understand behavior, one must understand the motives behind the behavior.
• C. Behavior can only be explained in terms of phenomenology, that is, an individual's interpretation of experience.
• D. Psychology should be the science of behavior that can be observed by others.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Behaviorists argue that psychology should focus on observable behavior that can be studied objectively. Choice A is incorrect because behaviorists do not typically focus on conscious experiences, as they are not directly observable. Choice B is incorrect because behaviorists emphasize that behavior can be understood without delving into internal motives. Choice C is incorrect as behaviorists do not exclusively explain behavior through an individual's interpretation of experience; they focus on observable actions and reactions.

3. According to the diathesis-stress model, having a predisposition towards mental illness...

• A. Means that a person will surely develop a mental disorder in the future
• B. Does not affect the chances of developing a mental disorder
• C. Increases the chance that a person would have a mental disorder
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: C

Rationale: According to the diathesis-stress model, having a predisposition towards mental illness increases the risk but does not guarantee the development of a mental disorder. Choice A is incorrect as the model does not imply certainty. Choice B is incorrect as having a predisposition does affect the chances. Choice D is incorrect as the model does have an impact on the likelihood of developing a mental disorder.

4. What is the branch of psychology concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders called?

• A. Industrial psychology.
• B. Social psychology.
• C. Developmental psychology.
• D. Clinical psychology.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Clinical psychology. Clinical psychology specifically deals with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders. Industrial psychology (choice A) focuses on behavior in the workplace, social psychology (choice B) studies how people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others, and developmental psychology (choice C) is the study of how and why people change over time.

5. When interviewing a new member of the psychology department for the university newspaper, the faculty member states, 'Internal states undoubtedly exist, but it is not necessary to draw inferences about unobservable states in order to understand behavior.' This faculty member's views are most similar to the views held by?

• A. William James.
• B. F. Skinner.
• C. Sigmund Freud.
• D. Carl Rogers.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: F. Skinner's views emphasized the importance of observable behavior and dismissed the need to infer unobservable mental states. This aligns with the faculty member's statement that internal states exist but are not essential for understanding behavior. William James, known for his work in functionalism, did consider internal mental states important. Sigmund Freud focused on unconscious motives and internal conflicts. Carl Rogers emphasized the importance of subjective experiences and personal growth, which differs from the faculty member's perspective.

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