ATI RN
ATI Oncology Quiz
1. A patient’s most recent diagnostic imaging has revealed that his lung cancer has metastasized to his bones and liver. What is the most likely mechanism by which the patient’s cancer cells spread?
- A. Hematologic spread
- B. Lymphatic circulation
- C. Invasion
- D. Angiogenesis
Correct answer: B
Rationale: In the case of lung cancer that has metastasized to the bones and liver, lymphatic circulation is a key mechanism by which cancer cells spread from the primary tumor site to distant organs. Cancer cells can invade nearby lymphatic vessels and travel through the lymphatic system, eventually reaching lymph nodes and spreading to other tissues and organs. This route is significant in the metastasis of many types of cancer, including lung cancer.
2. Which chemical structure is represented by glycerol combined with two fatty acids?
- A. Compound lipids
- B. Monoglycerides
- C. Diglycerides
- D. Structural lipids
Correct answer: C: Diglycerides
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Diglycerides. A diglyceride is a glycerol molecule combined with two fatty acids. This is a common form of fat during digestion and absorption. Choice A, Compound lipids, is incorrect because these lipids are composed of simple lipids plus additional compounds, which is not the case with a glycerol molecule combined with two fatty acids. Choice B, Monoglycerides, is incorrect because these are glycerol molecules combined with only one fatty acid, not two. Lastly, choice D, Structural lipids, is incorrect because these are major components of cell membranes and do not directly relate to the combination of glycerol and two fatty acids.
3. A college student has a TB test prior to starting the semester. The tuberculin test site is noted with a reddened, raised area. What condition will the student be diagnosed with if the chest radiograph is negative?
- A. Transmission
- B. Primary infection
- C. Latent tuberculosis
- D. Active tuberculosis
Correct answer: C
Rationale: If the chest radiograph is negative despite a positive tuberculin skin test, the student will be diagnosed with latent tuberculosis infection. Latent tuberculosis means the student has the TB bacteria in their body but does not feel sick and cannot spread the disease. Choice A, 'Transmission,' is incorrect as it refers to the spread of TB from person to person. Choice B, 'Primary infection,' is incorrect because primary infection occurs when a person is first infected with the TB bacteria. Choice D, 'Active tuberculosis,' is incorrect as this refers to the active form of the disease where the person feels sick and can spread TB to others.
4. Which medication is used to lower high blood pressure and reduce the risk of heart attacks and strokes?
- A. ACE inhibitor
- B. Beta-blocker
- C. Diuretic
- D. Calcium channel blocker
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is an ACE inhibitor. ACE inhibitors are medications specifically designed to lower high blood pressure and reduce the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and other cardiovascular events. Beta-blockers, diuretics, and calcium channel blockers are also used to treat high blood pressure, but ACE inhibitors are particularly effective in reducing the risk of heart attacks and strokes.
5. Which assessment finding would necessitate action by the nurse for a 10-month-old child who is 4 hours postoperative for the placement of a urethral stent?
- A. Bloody urine
- B. One void since returning from surgery
- C. Bladder spasms responding to pharmacologic intervention
- D. Double diapering from the previous shift
Correct answer: B
Rationale: In a postoperative scenario after the placement of a urethral stent, monitoring the child's voiding frequency is crucial. Having only one void since returning from surgery could indicate potential issues like urinary retention, which necessitates prompt nursing intervention to prevent complications.
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