ATI RN
ATI Perfusion Questions
1. A patient is considering options to manage his/her coronary artery disease. The nurse explains a coronary artery bypass graft procedure will:
- A. Cure the patient's coronary artery disease.
- B. Replace the leaking valve in the heart.
- C. Connect grafts to aorta to improve blood flow.
- D. Place a permanent pacemaker on the heart muscle.
Correct answer: C: Connect grafts to aorta to improve blood flow.
Rationale: The correct answer is C. A coronary artery bypass graft procedure involves connecting grafts to the aorta to improve blood flow to the heart muscle by bypassing blocked or narrowed coronary arteries. This procedure does not cure coronary artery disease but helps improve blood supply to the heart. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because a bypass graft procedure does not cure the underlying disease, replace heart valves, or involve the placement of a pacemaker.
2. Which lab value is critical for patients on warfarin therapy?
- A. Monitor INR
- B. Monitor potassium levels
- C. Monitor sodium levels
- D. Monitor platelet count
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to monitor INR levels for patients on warfarin therapy. INR monitoring is essential because it helps assess the clotting tendency of the blood and ensures that patients are within the therapeutic range to prevent both blood clots and excessive bleeding. Monitoring potassium levels (Choice B), sodium levels (Choice C), or platelet count (Choice D) is not specifically required for patients on warfarin therapy and does not directly impact the effectiveness or safety of the medication.
3. Which statement provides an example of an age-graded influence?
- A. Paul learned to play the violin at a young age.
- B. Jack enjoys hiking in the mountains.
- C. Sarah prefers reading mystery novels.
- D. Alex excels in mathematics.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The corrected statement 'Paul learned to play the violin at a young age' provides an example of an age-graded influence. This is because learning to play the violin is a behavior that is typical or expected at a certain age, reflecting how age influences individuals' experiences and development. In contrast, choices B, C, and D do not directly relate to age-graded influences. Jack's enjoyment of hiking, Sarah's preference for reading mystery novels, and Alex's proficiency in mathematics are not inherently tied to age-related developmental influences.
4. Which type of lung cancer begins in the cells lining the bronchi and bronchioles?
- A. Adenocarcinoma
- B. Small cell lung cancer
- C. Squamous cell carcinoma
- D. Mesothelioma
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Adenocarcinoma is the correct answer because it is a type of lung cancer that originates in the cells lining the bronchi and bronchioles. Adenocarcinoma is one of the most common types of lung cancer, often found in non-smokers and more frequently in women. Small cell lung cancer (Choice B) typically starts in the bronchi, but it is characterized by its rapid growth and tendency to spread quickly. Squamous cell carcinoma (Choice C) usually begins in the squamous cells lining the bronchi and is strongly associated with smoking. Mesothelioma (Choice D) is a cancer that affects the lining of certain organs like the lungs, often caused by asbestos exposure, but it does not specifically start in the cells lining the bronchi and bronchioles.
5. A client was rushed in the E.R showing a whitish, leathery and painless burned area on his skin. The nurse is correct in classifying this burn as:
- A. First degree burn C. Third degree burn
- B. Second degree burn D. Partial thickness burn
- C.
- D.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Nursing interventions should be grounded in a deep understanding of the physiological processes involved, ensuring that care provided is both effective and efficient.
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