ATI RN
ATI Medical Surgical Proctored Exam 2023
1. A client interested in smoking cessation is being taught by a nurse. Which statements should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select one that does not apply)
- A. Find an activity that you enjoy and will keep your hands busy.
- B. Keep snacks like potato chips on hand to nibble on.
- C. Drink at least eight glasses of water each day.
- D. Make a list of reasons for quitting smoking.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: When teaching a client interested in smoking cessation, the nurse should advise finding an activity that keeps the hands busy, keeping healthy snacks on hand, making a list of reasons for quitting smoking, and not being upset if a relapse occurs. Drinking eight glasses of water each day is a healthy habit but is not directly related to smoking cessation strategies, making it the option that does not apply in this context.
2. A 20-year-old male shoots his hand with a nail gun while replacing roofing shingles. Which of the following cell types would be the first to aid in killing bacteria to prevent infection in his hand?
- A. Eosinophils
- B. Neutrophils
- C. Leukotrienes
- D. Monocytes
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Neutrophils are the first responders to bacterial infections. When there is a breach in the skin like in this scenario, neutrophils are quickly recruited to the site of injury to phagocytize and kill bacteria. Eosinophils are primarily involved in parasitic infections and allergic reactions, making choice A incorrect. Leukotrienes are lipid mediators involved in inflammation but are not cells, so choice C is incorrect. Monocytes are precursors to macrophages and play a role in immune response, but they are not the first cells to arrive at the site of a bacterial infection, making choice D incorrect.
3. Cortisol is a hormone that ________.
- A. is released by the hypothalamus and travels to the pituitary gland, causing it to respond.
- B. the pituitary gland releases to stimulate the adrenal gland.
- C. the adrenal gland produces that mobilizes the body to deal with stress.
- D. reduces the reuptake of the monoamine neurotransmitters.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Cortisol is a hormone produced by the adrenal gland that mobilizes the body to deal with stress. Therefore, choice C is the correct answer. Choices A and B are incorrect as they inaccurately describe the origin and function of cortisol. Choice D is also incorrect as it describes the action of a different type of substance, not cortisol.
4. A client receiving morphine via patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) should have naloxone administered if their respiratory rate is below 10/min. What action should the nurse take?
- A. Monitor the client's blood pressure every 4 hours.
- B. Ask the client to rate their pain every 2 hours.
- C. Administer naloxone if the client's respiratory rate is below 10/min.
- D. Evaluate the client's use of the PCA every 4 hours.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to take is to administer naloxone if the client's respiratory rate falls below 10/min. Naloxone is used to reverse opioid-induced respiratory depression, which is a life-threatening situation. Monitoring the client's blood pressure every 4 hours (Choice A) is not the priority in this scenario as respiratory depression requires immediate attention. Asking the client to rate their pain every 2 hours (Choice B) is important for pain management but addressing respiratory depression takes precedence. Evaluating the client's use of the PCA every 4 hours (Choice D) is a routine nursing intervention but does not directly address the urgent need to reverse respiratory depression in this case.
5. A client with cholecystitis is being taught about required dietary modifications. Which of the following foods is appropriate for the client's diet?
- A. Creamed chicken
- B. Roast turkey
- C. Ice cream
- D. Macaroni and cheese
Correct answer: Roast turkey
Rationale: Roast turkey is the most appropriate choice for a client with cholecystitis. Foods that are high in fat content, like creamed chicken, ice cream, and macaroni and cheese, should be avoided in cholecystitis as they can exacerbate symptoms due to the reduced ability of the gallbladder to process fats. Roast turkey is a leaner option that is better tolerated by individuals with cholecystitis.
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