ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Proctored Exam 2024
1. A client who has been taking prednisone to treat asthma is advised to discontinue the medication. The client should be instructed to reduce the dose gradually to prevent which of the following adverse effects?
- A. Hyperglycemia
- B. Adrenocortical insufficiency
- C. Severe dehydration
- D. Rebound pulmonary congestion
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Abruptly stopping prednisone can result in adrenocortical insufficiency due to suppression of the adrenal glands. Gradually tapering the dose helps the body adjust and resume its natural cortisol production, preventing adrenal insufficiency. Choice A, hyperglycemia, is a possible adverse effect of prednisone, but it is not the primary reason for gradual tapering. Severe dehydration (Choice C) and rebound pulmonary congestion (Choice D) are not typically associated with discontinuing prednisone.
2. A client has a new prescription for allopurinol. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Drink 2 liters of water daily.
- B. Avoid taking the medication on an empty stomach.
- C. Limit vitamin C intake while taking this medication.
- D. Take an iron supplement while on this medication.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct instruction for a client prescribed allopurinol is to drink 2 liters of water daily. This helps reduce the risk of kidney stones, a potential side effect of allopurinol use. Adequate hydration is essential to prevent kidney stone formation and maintain kidney function while taking this medication.
3. A client is prescribed Amlodipine. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse monitor?
- A. Tachycardia
- B. Peripheral edema
- C. Hyperglycemia
- D. Hypertension
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Corrected Rationale: Amlodipine is a calcium channel blocker known to cause peripheral edema as an adverse effect. The nurse should monitor the client for swelling, particularly in the lower extremities, as it can indicate the development of this side effect. Choice A, Tachycardia, is not a common adverse effect of Amlodipine. Choice C, Hyperglycemia, is not typically associated with Amlodipine use. Choice D, Hypertension, is the condition Amlodipine is prescribed to treat, not an adverse effect of the medication.
4. When a client has a new prescription for Warfarin, which of the following foods should they avoid based on the nurse's instructions?
- A. Broccoli
- B. Bananas
- C. Chicken
- D. Potatoes
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Clients prescribed Warfarin should avoid foods high in vitamin K, like broccoli, as they can counteract the medication's effectiveness. Warfarin works by inhibiting vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, so consuming high vitamin K foods can interfere with its anticoagulant effects. Bananas, chicken, and potatoes are not high in vitamin K and do not have a significant impact on Warfarin therapy.
5. A client with Angina Pectoris asks the nurse about the next step if they take one tablet, wait 5 minutes, but still have Anginal pain. Which response should the nurse provide?
- A. Take two more sublingual tablets at the same time.
- B. Call emergency services.
- C. Take a sustained-release nitroglycerin capsule.
- D. Wait another 5 minutes then take a second sublingual tablet.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: If anginal pain persists after taking the first tablet and waiting 5 minutes, the priority step is to call emergency services (911) and then take a second sublingual tablet. Persistent pain could indicate a myocardial infarction, and immediate medical attention is crucial. Taking two more tablets at the same time (Choice A) can lead to excessive vasodilation and hypotension. Taking a sustained-release nitroglycerin capsule (Choice C) is not appropriate for immediate relief during an acute episode. Waiting another 5 minutes and then taking a second tablet (Choice D) is not advisable in this emergency situation where prompt action is necessary.
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