ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Quizlet
1. A client has a new prescription for spironolactone. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid which of the following foods?
- A. Salt substitutes
- B. Apples
- C. Chicken
- D. Bananas
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic. The client should avoid salt substitutes because they often contain potassium, which could lead to hyperkalemia. Hyperkalemia, or high levels of potassium in the blood, is a potential side effect of spironolactone, and ingesting additional potassium from salt substitutes can exacerbate this risk.
2. A client receiving radiation therapy for breast cancer may experience which of the following side effects that the nurse should monitor for?
- A. Fatigue
- B. Nausea
- C. Skin irritation
- D. Weight gain
Correct answer: C
Rationale: During radiation therapy for breast cancer, one common side effect is skin irritation due to the impact of radiation on the skin cells. This side effect should be closely monitored by the nurse. Fatigue may also occur as a side effect of radiation therapy, but skin irritation is more specific to the treatment area and is a priority in this case. Nausea and weight gain are not typically associated with radiation therapy for breast cancer, making them incorrect choices.
3. The most rapid prenatal changes take place in the period of the __________.
- A. zygote
- B. blastocyst
- C. embryo
- D. fetus
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: embryo. The most rapid prenatal changes occur during the embryo stage, which spans from approximately 2 to 8 weeks after conception. This period is crucial as major organs and systems of the body develop rapidly, laying the foundation for future growth and development. The zygote stage is the initial single-celled entity formed by the union of sperm and egg, while the blastocyst stage involves the cluster of cells resulting from the zygote dividing and growing. The fetus stage follows the embryo stage and focuses on refining and growing existing structures rather than rapid development. Therefore, the embryo stage is where the most significant and rapid changes take place in prenatal development.
4. A client with angina pectoris is being taught about starting therapy with nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) tablets. The nurse should instruct the client to take the medication
- A. after each meal and at bedtime.
- B. every 15 minutes during an acute attack.
- C. at the first indication of chest pain.
- D. with 8 oz of water.
Correct answer: at the first indication of chest pain.
Rationale: Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) tablets are used to relieve chest pain associated with angina. The client should take the medication at the first indication of chest pain to help dilate blood vessels and improve blood flow to the heart muscle. Choice A is incorrect because nitroglycerin should not be scheduled after each meal or at bedtime. Choice B is incorrect as taking the medication every 15 minutes during an acute attack is excessive and not recommended. Choice D is incorrect because while it is important to take nitroglycerin with water, the timing of water intake is not as critical as taking the medication at the first sign of chest pain.
5. Macronutrients include each of the following except one. Which one is the exception?
- A. Fat
- B. Polyunsaturated fatty acids
- C. Carbohydrate
- D. Protein
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Macronutrients are nutrients required by the body in large amounts to provide energy and include carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. While protein is essential for the body, it is not classified as a macronutrient. Proteins are made up of amino acids and serve various functions in the body, such as building and repairing tissues, but they are not a direct energy source like carbohydrates and fats. Therefore, protein is the exception among the listed options, making it the correct answer. Choice A, Fat, Choice B, Polyunsaturated fatty acids, and Choice C, Carbohydrate, are all examples of macronutrients that provide energy and support various bodily functions.
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