ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Proctored Exam
1. A healthcare professional is reviewing a client's medication history and notes a new prescription for Enalapril. The healthcare professional should monitor the client for which of the following as an adverse effect of this medication?
- A. Bradycardia
- B. Hyperkalemia
- C. Hypoglycemia
- D. Hypocalcemia
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Enalapril, an ACE inhibitor, can cause hyperkalemia as an adverse effect due to decreased aldosterone levels, which leads to potassium retention. Monitoring potassium levels is essential to prevent potential complications associated with hyperkalemia. The other options, bradycardia, hypoglycemia, and hypocalcemia, are not typically associated with Enalapril use and are less likely to occur as adverse effects.
2. A client has a new prescription for Alendronate to treat osteoporosis. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Take the medication with a full glass of water after rising in the morning.
- B. Lie down for at least 30 minutes after taking the medication.
- C. Take the medication before bedtime to reduce the risk of esophageal irritation.
- D. Crush the tablet and mix it with applesauce if having difficulty swallowing.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct instruction is to take Alendronate with a full glass of water after rising in the morning. This helps reduce the risk of esophageal irritation, as the medication can cause irritation if not taken correctly. Taking it before bedtime (choice C) can increase the risk of irritation as the individual lies down. Lying down after taking the medication (choice B) can also lead to esophageal irritation. Crushing the tablet (choice D) is not recommended as Alendronate should be taken whole with a full glass of water.
3. When teaching a client with a new prescription for Timolol how to insert eye drops, which instruction should the nurse include?
- A. Press your finger on the inside corner of your eye for 1 minute after application.
- B. Apply the eye drops directly on the cornea.
- C. Drop the prescribed amount of medication into the center of the conjunctival sac.
- D. Wipe your eyes gently with a tissue immediately after application.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct way to administer eye drops is by instructing the client to drop the prescribed amount of medication into the center of the conjunctival sac. This technique helps in proper distribution and absorption of the medication. Choice A is incorrect as pressing the inside corner of the eye is not necessary. Choice B is incorrect because applying eye drops directly on the cornea can cause irritation and discomfort. Choice D is incorrect as wiping the eyes immediately after application can remove the medication and reduce its effectiveness.
4. When caring for a client prescribed Digoxin, which finding should the nurse monitor to assess for potential toxicity?
- A. Bradycardia
- B. Hypertension
- C. Hypoglycemia
- D. Hypercalcemia
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Bradycardia is a common sign of Digoxin toxicity. Digoxin, a cardiac glycoside, can lead to toxic effects such as bradycardia, which is a slow heart rate. Therefore, the nurse should closely monitor the client's heart rate for any significant decreases, as this could indicate Digoxin toxicity and prompt further intervention. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because Digoxin toxicity typically presents with bradycardia, not hypertension, hypoglycemia, or hypercalcemia.
5. A client has a new prescription for a Nitroglycerin transdermal patch. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Apply the patch to a different site each day.
- B. Remove the patch at bedtime each day.
- C. Apply the patch over an area with little or no hair.
- D. Keep the patch on for 24 hours at a time.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct instruction for a client using a Nitroglycerin transdermal patch is to remove the patch each day, usually at bedtime, to prevent tolerance. This practice allows for a nitrate-free interval, reducing the risk of developing tolerance to the medication. Applying the patch to a different site each day (choice A) is not necessary as long as the skin is clean and rotated to avoid skin irritation. Applying the patch over an area with little or no hair (choice C) does not impact the effectiveness of the medication. Keeping the patch on for 24 hours at a time (choice D) can lead to tolerance, which is why the patch should be removed daily.
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