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1. A nurse is providing teaching to the parent of an infant about introducing solid foods. The nurse should recommend that which of the following foods be introduced first?
- A. Strained fruits
- B. Pureed meats
- C. Cooked egg whites
- D. Iron-fortified cereal
Correct answer: Iron-fortified cereal
Rationale: When introducing solid foods to infants, it is recommended to start with iron-fortified cereal as it is easily digestible and a good source of iron, an important nutrient for infants around 6 months of age. Strained fruits are usually introduced later due to their natural sugars. Pureed meats can be introduced after iron-fortified cereals to provide additional protein and iron. Cooked egg whites should be avoided until the infant is at least one year old to reduce the risk of allergies.
2. The nurse teaches a client who is newly diagnosed with coronary artery disease. Which instruction does the nurse include to minimize complications of this disease?
- A. “Rest is the best medicine at this time. Do not start an exercise program.”
- B. “You are a man; therefore, there is nothing you can do to minimize your risks.”
- C. “You should talk to your provider about medications to help you quit smoking.”
- D. “Decreasing the carbohydrates in your diet will help you lose weight.”
Correct answer: “You should talk to your provider about medications to help you quit smoking.”
Rationale: The correct answer is to advise the client to talk to their provider about medications to help quit smoking. Smoking is a major risk factor for coronary artery disease, and quitting smoking can significantly reduce the risk of complications. Choice A is incorrect because exercise is beneficial for managing coronary artery disease, but should be started gradually and under guidance. Choice B is incorrect and inappropriate as it undermines the client's ability to take control of their health. Choice D is incorrect because while a balanced diet is important, specifically targeting carbohydrates alone may not be the most effective or healthy approach for managing coronary artery disease.
3. A client has a prescription for ceftriaxone. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. You may develop a cough while taking this medication.
- B. You should stop taking this medication if you develop a rash.
- C. This medication can be given orally.
- D. This medication may cause your urine to turn yellow.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. The nurse should instruct the client to discontinue ceftriaxone if a rash develops, as it could indicate an allergic reaction that needs to be reported to the healthcare provider for further evaluation and management. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because cough development, oral administration, and yellow urine are not typically associated with ceftriaxone use and are not critical information that the nurse needs to emphasize in this scenario.
4. When a nurse signs a consent form, which ethical principle is being observed regarding the patient?
- A. Autonomy
- B. Justice
- C. Accountability
- D. Beneficence
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Autonomy'. Autonomy refers to the patient's right to make their own decisions, which is being honored when a nurse signs a consent form. While beneficence (Choice D) is an important ethical principle that involves acting in the patient's best interest, it is not what is being primarily observed in this instance. Justice (Choice B) refers to fairness and equal treatment and is not specifically relevant to this scenario. Accountability (Choice C) pertains to being answerable for one's actions and decisions, but again, it is not the principle directly observed in this situation. Therefore, when a nurse signs a consent form, it is the principle of autonomy that is being observed.
5. Which of the following factors contributes to conflicts in professional nursing today?
- A. Some nurses who had planned to retire but find themselves forced to continue working because of the current economic situation
- B. Balancing state practice acts, codes of ethics, and standards of practice
- C. Advances in technology
- D. Multiple generations in the workforce
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The presence of multiple generations in the nursing workforce today with diverse viewpoints and work styles can lead to conflicts. This diversity in perspectives and approaches may result in disagreements on how tasks should be done or how patient care should be managed. Option A refers to economic factors impacting individual nurses rather than conflicts within the profession. Option B is related to compliance and ethical considerations, not conflicts. Option C, advances in technology, may influence nursing practices but is not directly linked to conflicts among professionals.
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