ATI RN
ATI Proctored Pharmacology 2023
1. A client is starting a new prescription for enalapril. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Take the medication with food.
- B. Rise slowly from a sitting position.
- C. Avoid salt substitutes.
- D. Avoid exposure to sunlight.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct instruction for a client starting enalapril is to avoid salt substitutes. Salt substitutes may contain potassium, which could lead to elevated potassium levels when combined with enalapril, increasing the risk of hyperkalemia. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because there is no specific need to take enalapril with food, rise slowly from a sitting position, or avoid exposure to sunlight when taking this medication.
2. Select all that apply. Which nutrients are needed by the body to make hemoglobin?
- A. Iron
- B. Vitamin B12
- C. Niacin
- D. Folate
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Iron. Iron is an essential nutrient needed by the body to make hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. While other nutrients like vitamin B12, niacin, and folate are important for various bodily functions, they are not directly involved in the production of hemoglobin. Vitamin B12 is essential for nerve function and DNA synthesis, niacin is important for metabolism, and folate is crucial for cell division and DNA synthesis. Therefore, only iron is specifically required for hemoglobin production.
3. A client experiencing alcohol withdrawal is being cared for by a nurse. Which symptom should the nurse identify as a priority to address?
- A. Insomnia
- B. Nausea and vomiting
- C. Increased heart rate
- D. Tremors
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Increased heart rate is a critical symptom to address in a client experiencing alcohol withdrawal as it can indicate potential cardiovascular complications. Monitoring and managing the increased heart rate promptly is essential to prevent adverse outcomes.
4. If a child has two or more pink signs, you would classify the child as having:
- A. No disease
- B. Mild form of disease
- C. Urgent Referral
- D. Very severe disease
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.
5. In which of the following cases is dehydration more likely to occur?
- A. A 50-year-old woman who is a bodybuilder
- B. A 50-year-old man who is morbidly obese
- C. A 10-year-old child who is thin
- D. A 30-year-old with multiple sclerosis
Correct answer: A 50-year-old man who is morbidly obese
Rationale: Dehydration is more likely to occur in a 50-year-old man who is morbidly obese due to the increased risk of conditions like diabetes and heart disease that can lead to fluid imbalances. Being morbidly obese can also strain the body's systems, increasing the need for water. The other choices are less likely to experience dehydration as a primary concern. While being a bodybuilder may require strict hydration practices, dehydration is more prevalent in individuals with conditions like obesity.
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