ATI RN
ATI RN Exit Exam 2023
1. A client with iron deficiency anemia has a new prescription for ferrous sulfate. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Take with a glass of milk to prevent stomach upset.
- B. Take with orange juice to enhance absorption.
- C. Take on an empty stomach to increase absorption.
- D. Take with food to reduce gastrointestinal upset.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct instruction is to take ferrous sulfate on an empty stomach to increase absorption. This is because taking it with food or dairy products like milk can reduce its absorption. Orange juice is not recommended as it may interfere with the absorption of iron. Taking ferrous sulfate on an empty stomach may cause gastrointestinal upset, but this can be minimized by gradually increasing the dose.
2. In the early days, healers transitioned from superstition and magic to using natural chemicals in the field of medicine.
- A. True
- B. False
- C. Not Sure
- D. None of the above
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The statement is true. The field of medicine evolved as early healers moved away from superstition and magic, instead focusing on natural chemicals to treat illnesses. This transition marked a shift towards a more scientific and evidence-based approach to healthcare. This historical transition is well-documented in the evolution of medicine. Choice B is incorrect because the statement accurately reflects the historical development of medicine. Choice C is incorrect as the historical transition from superstition to natural chemicals is a well-documented aspect of the evolution of medicine. Choice D is incorrect as the statement provided is true.
3. The most energy-rich nutrient is:
- A. carb
- B. fat
- C. protein
- D. water
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Fat provides 9 kcal per gram, making it the most energy-rich nutrient compared to carbohydrates and proteins, which provide 4 kcal per gram.
4. Recent evidence suggests that paternal alcohol use around the time of conception __________.
- A. can alter gene expression
- B. can cause fetal alcohol syndrome
- C. is linked to blood vessel abnormalities
- D. has no negative effect on the developing organism
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Recent evidence suggests that paternal alcohol use around the time of conception can alter gene expression. This means that paternal alcohol consumption can potentially impact the genes and genetic materials passed on to offspring, affecting their development and health. Choice B is incorrect because fetal alcohol syndrome is typically associated with maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy, not paternal alcohol use around conception. Choice C is incorrect as there is no direct link between paternal alcohol use and blood vessel abnormalities. Choice D is incorrect as paternal alcohol use can indeed have negative effects on the developing organism, particularly through altering gene expression.
5. A client presents to the emergency department with lower right quadrant abdominal pain, fever, nausea, and occasional diarrhea. After palpating the abdomen, the client displays tenderness. What would the nurse anticipate the client to be experiencing?
- A. Pseudomembranous colitis
- B. Peptic ulcer disease
- C. Appendicitis
- D. Esophageal cancer
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Appendicitis. The symptoms described - lower right quadrant abdominal pain, fever, nausea, diarrhea, and tenderness upon palpation - are classic signs of appendicitis. Appendicitis is an inflammatory condition of the appendix that often presents with these symptoms and requires immediate medical attention. Choice A, Pseudomembranous colitis, typically presents with watery diarrhea and is associated with antibiotic use. Choice B, Peptic ulcer disease, commonly presents with epigastric pain related to meals and can be accompanied by nausea or vomiting, but it does not typically cause right lower quadrant pain. Choice D, Esophageal cancer, usually presents with symptoms related to swallowing difficulties, weight loss, and sometimes chest pain, but it is not associated with the symptoms described in the scenario.
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