ATI RN
Proctored Pharmacology ATI
1. A client has a new prescription for Nevirapine, an NNRTI. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in teaching the client?
- A. Take this medication on an empty stomach.
- B. Take this medication with food to increase absorption.
- C. Avoid alcohol while taking this medication.
- D. Take this medication at the same time every day.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct statement that the nurse should include in teaching the client about Nevirapine, an NNRTI, is to take the medication with food to improve gastrointestinal tolerance and prevent nausea. While absorption is not significantly affected by food, taking it with meals can help reduce adverse gastrointestinal effects. Choice A is incorrect because Nevirapine should not be taken on an empty stomach. Choice C is generally true for most medications but is not specific to Nevirapine. Choice D is a good practice for medication adherence but is not specific to the administration requirements of Nevirapine.
2. A child with pyloric stenosis is having excessive vomiting. The nurse should assess for what potential complication?
- A. Hyperkalemia
- B. Hyperchloremia
- C. Metabolic acidosis
- D. Metabolic alkalosis
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Excessive vomiting in pyloric stenosis leads to the loss of stomach acid (hydrochloric acid), resulting in metabolic alkalosis, not hyperkalemia, hyperchloremia, or metabolic acidosis. Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by a higher pH level in the blood due to the loss of acid and a relative increase in bicarbonate. Hyperkalemia is an elevated level of potassium in the blood and is not directly related to excessive vomiting in pyloric stenosis. Hyperchloremia is an excess of chloride in the blood, which is not typically associated with this condition. Metabolic acidosis is a condition characterized by a lower pH level in the blood, caused by an excess of acid or a loss of bicarbonate, which is not the typical complication seen in pyloric stenosis with excessive vomiting.
3. Which order should the nurse question?
- A. The addition of a loop diuretic with digoxin.
- B. The addition of a beta blocker with digoxin.
- C. A digoxin dose of 0.125 mg per day.
- D. The addition of an ACE inhibitor with digoxin.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because adding a beta blocker to digoxin can potentiate the bradycardic effect of digoxin, leading to serious complications such as heart block. This combination requires caution as it can significantly slow down the heart rate. Choices A, C, and D are not the best options to question in this scenario. Loop diuretics are commonly used with digoxin, a digoxin dose of 0.125 mg per day is within the typical range, and ACE inhibitors are often prescribed alongside digoxin for managing heart conditions.
4. After teaching a group of nursing students about developmental milestones for children between the ages of 1 and 4 years, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which of the following as a gross motor developmental milestone that occurs between 2 to 3 years of age?
- A. Jumping in place
- B. Climbing
- C. Standing on one foot with help
- D. Riding a tricycle
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Climbing is a gross motor milestone typically achieved between 2 to 3 years of age. It involves coordination and strength. Jumping in place is usually mastered around 2 years of age. Standing on one foot with help is a skill that emerges around 3 years. Riding a tricycle typically occurs closer to 3 years and involves coordination and balance, which are more refined skills compared to climbing at an earlier age.
5. Fatty acids may differ from one another:
- A. in chain length
- B. in degree of saturation
- C. in number of calories
- D.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Fatty acids vary in chain length and degree of saturation, affecting their physical properties and health effects.
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