ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Proctored Exam 2019
1. A client has a new prescription for Ciprofloxacin. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Take this medication with meals.
- B. Avoid taking this medication with dairy products.
- C. Take this medication at bedtime.
- D. Increase your intake of potassium-rich foods.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Avoid taking this medication with dairy products.' Ciprofloxacin should not be taken with dairy products because calcium can interfere with the absorption of the medication. Instructing the client to take it 1 hour before or 2 hours after consuming dairy products will ensure optimal effectiveness of the medication. Choice A is incorrect because Ciprofloxacin is usually recommended to be taken on an empty stomach or with a full glass of water. Choice C is incorrect as there is no specific requirement to take Ciprofloxacin at bedtime. Choice D is also incorrect as there is no need to increase intake of potassium-rich foods in relation to taking Ciprofloxacin.
2. Which is a primary focus of health promotion activities?
- A. Preventing the onset of disease
- B. Detecting diseases early to improve outcomes
- C. Managing chronic conditions to improve quality of life
- D. Providing treatment for existing health conditions
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Preventing the onset of disease. Health promotion activities aim to prevent the occurrence of diseases by promoting healthy behaviors and creating supportive environments. By encouraging preventive measures such as vaccination, healthy eating, regular exercise, and stress management, individuals can reduce their risk of developing various illnesses. Detecting diseases early (choice B) focuses more on screening and early diagnosis rather than prevention. Managing chronic conditions (choice C) and providing treatment for existing health conditions (choice D) are important aspects of healthcare but are not the primary focus of health promotion activities, which emphasize disease prevention.
3. A client with heart failure is being instructed on laxative use. Which of the following laxatives should the client avoid?
- A. Sodium phosphate
- B. Psyllium
- C. Bisacodyl
- D. Polyethylene glycol
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Sodium phosphate. Clients with heart failure often follow a sodium-restricted diet. Sodium phosphate laxatives can lead to sodium absorption, causing fluid retention, which is contraindicated in heart failure. It is crucial to avoid sodium phosphate laxatives in these clients to prevent exacerbation of fluid overload and heart failure symptoms. Psyllium (choice B), Bisacodyl (choice C), and Polyethylene glycol (choice D) are not contraindicated in clients with heart failure and can be used safely for bowel management.
4. A nurse is developing a plan of care for a client who will be placed in halo traction following surgical repair of the cervical spine. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan?
- A. Inspect the pin site every 4 hours
- B. Monitor the client's skin under the halo vest
- C. Ensure two personnel hold the halo device when repositioning the client
- D. Apply powder to the client's skin under the vest to decrease itching
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to monitor the client's skin under the halo vest. This is important to assess for signs of skin issues such as excessive sweating, redness, or blistering, which can lead to skin breakdown and infection. Choice A is incorrect because while inspecting the pin site is important, it should be done more frequently than every 4 hours. Choice C is incorrect as the halo device should be supported by the client's body weight, not personnel, when repositioning. Choice D is incorrect because applying powder frequently can increase the risk of skin irritation and infection.
5. A nurse is teaching a client about complete and incomplete proteins. Which of the following foods should the nurse include in the teaching as an incomplete protein?
- A. 4 oz chickpeas
- B. 2 poached eggs
- C. 2 oz cheddar cheese
- D. 4 oz salmon fillet
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 4 oz chickpeas. Chickpeas are considered an incomplete protein because they lack one or more essential amino acids required by the body. Incomplete proteins do not provide all essential amino acids in sufficient quantities. Choice B, 2 poached eggs, is a complete protein source because eggs contain all essential amino acids. Choice C, 2 oz cheddar cheese, is also a complete protein as it contains all essential amino acids. Choice D, 4 oz salmon fillet, is another complete protein source as fish typically provide all essential amino acids needed by the body.
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