ATI RN
ATI Nutrition Proctored Exam 2023
1. What is a major feature of the therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLC) recommended for the treatment of high blood cholesterol?
- A. Avoiding all foods that contain cholesterol
- B. Reducing sodium intake to less than 2 g/day
- C. Limiting total fat intake to less than 30% of energy intake
- D. Limiting saturated fat intake to less than 7% of energy intake
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'Limiting saturated fat intake to less than 7% of energy intake.' This is a central feature of the therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLC) recommended for treating high blood cholesterol. Saturated fats can increase low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, a significant risk factor for heart disease. Choice A is incorrect because while it is recommended to limit cholesterol intake, it's not suggested to avoid all foods containing cholesterol entirely in the TLC. Choice B is also incorrect as although reducing sodium intake is beneficial for controlling blood pressure, it's not specifically targeted in the TLC for managing high cholesterol. Lastly, while limiting total fat intake is a healthy guideline, it's not as specific or effective as limiting saturated fat intake, making choice C also incorrect.
2. Can bacterial plaque metabolize sucrose, lactose, and fructose? Is fructose, also known as levulose and found naturally in honey, less cariogenic than sucrose and lactose?
- A. Yes, bacterial plaque can metabolize these sugars, but no, fructose is not less cariogenic.
- B. No, bacterial plaque cannot metabolize these sugars, and fructose is not less cariogenic.
- C. Yes, bacterial plaque can metabolize these sugars, but no, fructose is not less cariogenic.
- D. No, bacterial plaque cannot metabolize these sugars, but yes, fructose is less cariogenic.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The first statement is correct as bacterial plaque can indeed metabolize sucrose, lactose, and fructose. However, the second statement is inaccurate. Fructose, despite being found naturally in honey and known also as levulose, is not less cariogenic than either sucrose or lactose. This means that its consumption does not result in fewer cavities or tooth decay. Therefore, the correct answer is that bacterial plaque can metabolize these sugars, but fructose is not less cariogenic. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they either wrongly assert that bacterial plaque cannot metabolize these sugars or wrongly claim that fructose is less cariogenic.
3. Which animal-derived food contains the most significant level of carbohydrates?
- A. Egg
- B. Beef
- C. Milk
- D. Poultry
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Milk contains the most significant level of carbohydrates among animal-derived foods. Milk and milk products supply significant quantities of carbohydrate in the form of lactose. Eggs, beef, and poultry are not significant sources of carbohydrates compared to milk. In cheese making, lactose is removed as a by-product, reducing the carbohydrate content further.
4. What is the first thing you should do before sharing information with a patient?
- A. Provide background knowledge
- B. Ask for permission
- C. Remove personal protective equipment (PPE)
- D. Remind the patient that you are the authority
Correct answer: B: Ask for permission
Rationale: Before sharing information with a patient, it is essential to ask for their permission. This action respects the patient's autonomy and encourages their participation in the learning process. Asking for permission establishes a foundation of trust and partnership between the healthcare provider and the patient. Providing background knowledge (Choice A) is important, but it should come after receiving consent to share information. Removing personal protective equipment (Choice C) is not related to the communication process. Reminding the patient that you are the authority (Choice D) is inappropriate as it can undermine the patient's autonomy and hinder effective communication in a patient-centered care approach.
5. Generally, lifestyle-related diseases share common risk factors. Which of the following is NOT one of them?
- A. Physical activity
- B. Smoking
- C. Genetics
- D. Nutrition
Correct answer: C: Genetics
Rationale: Common risk factors for lifestyle-related diseases typically include aspects of one's lifestyle that can be modified or controlled, such as physical activity, smoking habits, and nutrition. These factors can be changed to prevent or manage lifestyle-related diseases. Genetics, on the other hand, is not a modifiable risk factor, meaning it cannot be changed or controlled. Therefore, it is not considered a common risk factor for lifestyle-related diseases. Understanding the modifiable risk factors for these diseases allows for better prevention and management strategies, and helps reduce the risk of complications.