ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Proctored Exam 2023
1. A client has a new prescription for Nitroglycerin sublingual tablets. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the discharge teaching?
- A. Take one tablet every 15 minutes until pain is relieved.
- B. Take one tablet every 5 minutes, up to three doses.
- C. Take one tablet at bedtime.
- D. Take one tablet on an empty stomach.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct instruction for Nitroglycerin sublingual tablets is to take one tablet at the onset of chest pain, then repeat every 5 minutes for up to three doses. This regimen helps in relieving angina symptoms effectively. Option A of taking one tablet every 15 minutes is too infrequent and may delay symptom relief. Option C of taking one tablet at bedtime is not appropriate as Nitroglycerin is used for immediate relief of angina. Option D of taking one tablet on an empty stomach is irrelevant since Nitroglycerin is not affected by food intake.
2. A client with chronic kidney disease is being taught by a nurse about managing protein intake. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. You should increase your intake of high-protein foods.
- B. You should limit your intake of high-protein foods.
- C. You should avoid all protein sources to prevent further kidney damage.
- D. You should increase your intake of animal protein.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'You should limit your intake of high-protein foods.' Clients with chronic kidney disease should restrict their intake of high-protein foods to lessen the workload on the kidneys and prevent further kidney damage. Option A is incorrect as increasing intake of high-protein foods can exacerbate the condition. Option C is incorrect as avoiding all protein sources is not advisable, as some proteins are essential for overall health. Option D is incorrect as increasing the intake of animal protein can put more strain on the kidneys due to the metabolites produced during protein breakdown.
3. School phobia among kids may be a form of?
- A. Occurs every time when one is in a certain situation
- B. Occurs most of the time when one is in a specific situation
- C. Be unexpected
- D. Expected
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Be unexpected.' School phobia in children is often associated with separation anxiety disorder, leading to unexpected and intense fear or anxiety about attending school. Choices A and B are incorrect because school phobia does not necessarily occur every time or most of the time when in a specific situation; it is more about the unexpected fear related to attending school. Choice D is also incorrect because school phobia is characterized by an unexpected and overwhelming fear of school, not an expected or anticipated reaction.
4. Which of the following is not considered an extracellular fluid?
- A. Cerebrospinal fluid
- B. The humors of the eye
- C. Lymph
- D. Cerebrospinal fluid and the humors of the eye
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Cerebrospinal fluid and the humors of the eye are not considered extracellular fluids. Extracellular fluids are fluids found outside the cells, such as interstitial fluid and lymph. Cerebrospinal fluid is found within the central nervous system, while the humors of the eye (aqueous humor and vitreous humor) are located within the eyeball, making them distinct from extracellular fluids.
5. The parent asks when the soft area in the infant's head will go away. What is the best response by the nurse?
- A. The area is called the anterior fontanel (fontanelle) and typically closes anytime up to 18 months of age.
- B. The area is called a fontanel (fontanelle). They remain open to allow for rapid brain growth in the first months of life.
- C. The soft spots may stay open until your infant is 2 or 3 years old.
- D. Soft spots on the infant's head should have closed by now.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The best response by the nurse is A, as the anterior fontanel typically closes between 12-18 months of age, allowing for brain growth during infancy. Choice B is incorrect because it does not provide a specific timeframe for the closure of the fontanel. Choice C is incorrect as it suggests a later closure timeframe than usual. Choice D is incorrect as it states that the soft spots should have closed already, which is inaccurate for a 6-month-old infant.
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