ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Proctored Exam 2023
1. A healthcare professional is preparing to administer Pamidronate to a client who has bone pain related to cancer. Which of the following precautions should the healthcare professional take when administering pamidronate?
- A. Inspect the IV site for redness and irritation when changing the intravenous patch.
- B. Assess the IV site for thrombophlebitis frequently during administration.
- C. Instruct the client to sit upright or stand for 30 min following intravenous administration.
- D. Watch for manifestations of anaphylaxis for 20 min after intramuscular administration.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Pamidronate is administered through intravenous (IV) infusion. As this medication can be irritating to veins, the healthcare professional should carefully assess the IV site for thrombophlebitis during administration to prevent potential complications. Choice A is incorrect as Pamidronate is not administered via intradermal patch. Choice C is incorrect as it does not relate to the administration of Pamidronate. Choice D is incorrect as Pamidronate is not administered intramuscularly.
2. What are the important considerations when administering blood products to a patient?
- A. Ensuring proper documentation of the transfusion
- B. Verifying the patient's identity before administration
- C. Monitoring for allergic reactions or transfusion reactions
- D. Monitoring the patient's vital signs during transfusion
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Verifying the patient's identity before administration is a critical step to ensure that the correct blood product is given to the right patient, thereby preventing transfusion errors. While ensuring proper documentation of the transfusion (choice A) is important for record-keeping, verifying patient identity (choice B) directly addresses the risk of administering blood to the wrong patient. Monitoring for allergic reactions or transfusion reactions (choice C) and monitoring the patient's vital signs during transfusion (choice D) are also essential considerations during blood product administration, but verifying patient identity takes precedence to prevent potentially life-threatening errors.
3. A baby throws its arms out and then inward (as if embracing) in response to loud noise or when its head falls. Which reflex is this?
- A. Babinski
- B. Palmar
- C. Darwinian
- D. Moro
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Moro. The Moro reflex is an instinctual response seen in infants when they experience a sudden loss of support or loud noise. The baby will throw their arms out and then bring them back in, resembling an embrace. This reflex is important for survival as it helps the infant react to potential dangers. Choice A, Babinski, refers to the reflex where a baby's toes spread apart when the sole of the foot is stimulated. Choice B, Palmar, is related to the reflex where a baby's fingers close tightly around an object placed in their palm. Choice C, Darwinian, is not a recognized reflex in this context.
4. A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results for a client who has Cushing's disease. The nurse should expect the client to have an increase in which of the following laboratory values?
- A. Serum glucose level.
- B. Serum calcium level.
- C. Lymphocyte count.
- D. Serum potassium level.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Serum glucose level. In Cushing's disease, elevated cortisol levels lead to increased gluconeogenesis, insulin resistance, and breakdown of proteins and fats, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. This is known as hyperglycemia. The other options, including serum calcium level (choice B), lymphocyte count (choice C), and serum potassium level (choice D), are not typically affected by Cushing's disease. Therefore, they are incorrect choices.
5. When teaching a group of clients about emergency care for a snake bite, which of the following information should the nurse include?
- A. Raise the affected extremity above the level of the heart.
- B. Immobilize the affected extremity with a splint
- C. Apply ice to the bite area
- D. Apply a tourniquet to the affected extremity.
Correct answer: Immobilize the affected extremity with a splint
Rationale: In cases of snake bites, it is essential to immobilize the affected extremity with a splint to prevent the spread of venom throughout the body. Raising the extremity above the heart level can promote venom spread, and applying ice or a tourniquet can worsen the condition. Immobilization helps reduce movement and slows the circulation of venom, aiding in the prevention of further complications.
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