Nursing Elites

1. A nurse is planning to teach a group of older adults about the prevention of osteoporosis. What information should the nurse include in the teaching?

• A. Increase intake of vitamin C
• B. Avoid weight-bearing exercises
• C. Perform weight-bearing exercises
• D. Limit sun exposure

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Perform weight-bearing exercises. Weight-bearing exercises help maintain bone density and reduce the risk of osteoporosis in older adults. Choice A, increasing intake of vitamin C, is not directly related to osteoporosis prevention. Choice B, avoiding weight-bearing exercises, is incorrect as weight-bearing exercises are beneficial for bone health. Choice D, limiting sun exposure, is not a key factor in osteoporosis prevention as moderate sun exposure is important for vitamin D synthesis which is essential for bone health.

2. A healthcare professional is preparing to administer multiple medications to a client with dysphagia. What action should the healthcare professional take?

• A. Offer the medications with a full glass of water
• B. Crush the medications and mix them together
• C. Provide the medications through a straw
• D. Mix the medications with applesauce

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Clients with dysphagia have difficulty swallowing, so providing medications through a straw can help control the flow and prevent aspiration. Offering medications with a full glass of water (Choice A) may increase the risk of aspiration. Crushing medications and mixing them together (Choice B) can alter the medication's effectiveness or cause adverse effects. Mixing medications with applesauce (Choice D) may also present a choking hazard for clients with dysphagia.

3. While assessing the IV infusion site of a client experiencing pain, redness, and warmth, what should the nurse do?

• A. Increase the IV flow rate
• B. Discontinue the infusion
• C. Elevate the limb
• D. Apply a cold compress

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is to discontinue the infusion. Pain, redness, and warmth at the IV site are signs of phlebitis, which is inflammation of the vein. Continuing the infusion can further irritate the vein and lead to complications. Increasing the IV flow rate would exacerbate the issue by delivering more irritants to the vein. Elevating the limb and applying a cold compress are not the appropriate interventions for phlebitis, as discontinuing the infusion is crucial to prevent further harm.

4. A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client with a prescription for home oxygen therapy. What information should the nurse include?

• A. Use synthetic fabrics to avoid static electricity
• B. Turn off the oxygen when not in use
• C. Avoid open flames or smoking near oxygen
• D. Increase the oxygen flow rate as needed

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Avoid open flames or smoking near oxygen.' This information is crucial to prevent fires because oxygen supports combustion. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Choice A is not relevant to oxygen therapy. Choice B is incorrect as oxygen should not be turned off when in use as prescribed. Choice D is incorrect because adjusting the oxygen flow rate without healthcare provider guidance can be dangerous.

5. A nurse receives a report from an assistive personnel that a client's BP is 160/95. What should the nurse do first?

• A. Administer antihypertensive medication
• B. Notify the healthcare provider
• C. Recheck the blood pressure
• D. Document the blood pressure in the chart

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct first action for the nurse in this scenario is to recheck the blood pressure. This step is crucial to confirm the accuracy of the initial reading. Administering antihypertensive medication without verifying the blood pressure could lead to inappropriate treatment. Notifying the healthcare provider can be done after ensuring the accuracy of the reading. Simply documenting the blood pressure without validation may result in acting on potentially incorrect information. Therefore, the priority is to recheck the blood pressure.

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