Nursing Elites

1. A client with diabetes mellitus is being taught about the importance of foot care by a nurse. Which instruction should the nurse include?

• A. Cut toenails straight across
• B. Wear shoes at all times
• C. Soak feet in hot water daily
• D. Apply lotion between the toes

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Wear shoes at all times.' Clients with diabetes are at a higher risk of foot complications due to poor circulation and nerve damage. Wearing shoes at all times helps protect their feet from injuries. Choice A is incorrect because toenails should be cut straight across to prevent ingrown toenails. Choice C is incorrect as soaking feet in hot water can lead to burns or skin damage, especially for those with diabetes who may have reduced sensation. Choice D is incorrect because applying lotion between the toes can create a moist environment, increasing the risk of fungal infections.

2. A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative following abdominal surgery. What behavior should the nurse identify as increasing the client's risk for constipation?

• A. Increased physical activity
• B. Frequent urge suppression
• C. Adequate sleep
• D. Increased fluid intake

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Frequent urge suppression can lead to constipation, especially postoperatively. Suppressing the urge to defecate can disrupt the normal bowel movement pattern and lead to constipation. Choices A, C, and D are behaviors that generally help prevent constipation rather than increase the risk. Increased physical activity, adequate sleep, and increased fluid intake promote bowel regularity and reduce the risk of constipation.

3. A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving continuous enteral feedings. What finding indicates intolerance to the feeding?

• A. Weight gain
• B. Nausea
• C. Constipation
• D. Elevated heart rate

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nausea is a common sign of intolerance to enteral feedings and should be addressed promptly. Weight gain is not typically associated with intolerance to enteral feedings; instead, it may indicate other issues such as fluid retention. Constipation is also not a direct indicator of intolerance to enteral feedings. While an elevated heart rate can occur for various reasons, it is less specific to enteral feeding intolerance compared to nausea.

4. A nurse is caring for a client who is postop following abdominal surgery. What behavior should the nurse identify as increasing the client's risk for constipation?

• A. Increased fiber intake
• B. Decreased physical activity
• C. Frequent urge suppression
• D. Adequate sleep

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Decreased physical activity. Following abdominal surgery, reduced physical activity can contribute to constipation due to decreased bowel motility. Increased fiber intake (choice A) generally helps prevent constipation by adding bulk to the stool. Frequent urge suppression (choice C) may lead to issues like urinary retention but is not directly linked to constipation. Adequate sleep (choice D) is important for overall recovery but does not significantly impact constipation risk.

5. A nurse in a provider's office is assessing the motor skill development of a 15-month-old toddler during a well-child visit. What gross motor skill should the nurse expect?

• A. Jumps with both feet
• B. Runs with coordination
• C. Walks without assistance
• D. Kicks a ball forward

Correct answer: C

Rationale: At 15 months, a toddler should be able to walk without assistance. Walking without assistance is a major gross motor skill milestone at this age, indicating the child's physical development and coordination. Choices A, B, and D are developmentally inappropriate for a 15-month-old. Jumping with both feet, running with coordination, and kicking a ball forward typically develop later in a child's growth and are more advanced skills compared to walking independently.

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