Nursing Elites

1. A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client with a new diagnosis of hypertension. What instruction should the nurse include?

• A. Reduce sodium intake to 4 grams per day
• B. Avoid foods high in potassium
• C. Take prescribed antihypertensive medications daily
• D. Limit fluid intake to 1 liter per day

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Take prescribed antihypertensive medications daily.' When providing discharge teaching to a client with hypertension, one of the key instructions is to ensure the consistent intake of prescribed antihypertensive medications. This is crucial for controlling blood pressure levels and reducing the risk of complications associated with hypertension. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because reducing sodium intake, avoiding foods high in potassium, and limiting fluid intake are important dietary modifications for various health conditions, but they are not the priority when it comes to managing hypertension. The primary focus should be on medication adherence to effectively manage hypertension.

2. A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has a prescription for home oxygen therapy. What should the nurse teach?

• A. Remove the oxygen tubing during meals
• B. Wear synthetic fabrics while using oxygen
• C. Use cotton fabrics when oxygen is in use
• D. Increase oxygen flow during physical activity

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Use cotton fabrics when oxygen is in use.' When a client is on oxygen therapy, it is essential to use cotton fabrics to reduce the risk of static electricity, which can ignite in the presence of oxygen. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Removing the oxygen tubing during meals is not necessary as long as proper precautions are taken to avoid tripping hazards. Synthetic fabrics should be avoided while using oxygen therapy to prevent static electricity buildup. Increasing oxygen flow during physical activity should be done according to the healthcare provider's instructions, not indiscriminately.

3. A healthcare professional is reviewing the health history of a client who has a hip fracture. What is a risk factor for developing pressure injuries?

• A. Increased fluid intake
• B. Urinary incontinence
• C. Poor nutrition
• D. Immobility

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Urinary incontinence is a risk factor for developing pressure injuries as it can lead to skin breakdown due to constant exposure to moisture and irritation. Increased fluid intake is important for hydration and overall health but is not directly linked to pressure injuries. Poor nutrition can impair wound healing but is not a direct risk factor for pressure injuries. Immobility can contribute to the development of pressure injuries but is not as directly related as urinary incontinence.

4. A nurse is assessing a client who is at risk for pressure injuries. Which intervention should the nurse include in the plan of care?

• A. Reposition the client every 4 hours
• B. Use a special mattress for the client
• C. Keep the client on bedrest
• D. Encourage the client to remain in one position

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Use a special mattress for the client.' Using a special mattress reduces pressure on bony prominences and helps prevent pressure injuries. Repositioning the client every 4 hours (choice A) is important but using a special mattress is more effective. Keeping the client on bedrest (choice C) can increase the risk of pressure injuries due to prolonged immobility. Encouraging the client to remain in one position (choice D) is incorrect as it can lead to pressure injuries by exerting pressure on the same areas for an extended period.

5. A client is found on the floor experiencing a seizure. What is the nurse's priority action?

• A. Apply oxygen
• B. Place the client on their side
• C. Administer an anticonvulsant
• D. Notify the provider

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The nurse's priority action when finding a client experiencing a seizure is to place the client on their side. This action helps maintain an open airway and prevents aspiration, which is crucial during a seizure. Applying oxygen may be necessary after ensuring a patent airway, while administering an anticonvulsant is not within the nurse's scope of practice during an acute seizure. Notifying the provider can be done after ensuring the client's immediate safety.

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