Nursing Elites

1. A healthcare professional is teaching a group of assistive personnel about the expected integumentary changes in older adults. Which change should the healthcare professional include?

• A. Increase in skin turgor
• B. Increase in subcutaneous fat
• C. Decrease in moisture levels
• D. Increase in oil production

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Decrease in moisture levels. In older adults, there is a reduction in oil production, leading to decreased moisture levels in the skin. This change can result in dry skin and increased risk of skin issues. The other choices are incorrect because in older adults, skin turgor tends to decrease, subcutaneous fat may decrease, and oil production typically decreases rather than increases.

2. A client with a new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus needs instruction on foot care. What advice should the nurse provide?

• A. Soak feet in warm water daily
• B. Wear shoes at all times
• C. Cut toenails in a rounded shape
• D. Inspect the feet weekly

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Wear shoes at all times.' This instruction is crucial for clients with diabetes as it helps protect the feet from potential injuries. Choice A of soaking feet in warm water daily can lead to skin issues and should be avoided. Cutting toenails in a rounded shape, as mentioned in choice C, can increase the risk of ingrown toenails. While inspecting the feet weekly, as in choice D, is important, wearing shoes at all times is a more preventative measure to avoid foot injuries in diabetic clients.

3. A healthcare professional is reviewing the laboratory values of a client who is experiencing fluid volume deficit (FVD). What finding should the professional expect?

• A. Decreased hematocrit
• B. Increased hematocrit
• C. Decreased white blood cell count
• D. Increased red blood cell count

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Increased hematocrit.' In fluid volume deficit (FVD), there is a decrease in the amount of fluid in the blood vessels, leading to hemoconcentration. This results in an increase in hematocrit levels. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because a decrease in hematocrit, decrease in white blood cell count, and an increase in red blood cell count are not typically seen in fluid volume deficit.

4. A client with diabetes mellitus has a foot ulcer. What is an appropriate intervention to promote wound healing?

• A. Apply a heating pad to the wound
• B. Apply a moisture-retentive dressing
• C. Provide daily wound irrigation
• D. Apply an ice pack to the wound

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is to apply a moisture-retentive dressing. This type of dressing promotes a moist wound environment, which is crucial for wound healing. Applying a heating pad can lead to tissue damage, while daily wound irrigation can disrupt the wound healing process. Applying an ice pack is not recommended for promoting wound healing in this scenario.

5. A nurse is caring for a client who has dementia and frequently tries to get out of bed. What actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply)

• A. Turn off the bed alarm
• B. Use physical restraints
• C. Maintain the bed in the lowest position
• D. Apply a vest restraint

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Maintaining the bed in the lowest position is an appropriate action when caring for a client with dementia who tries to get out of bed. This helps reduce the risk of falls and ensures the client's safety. Turning off the bed alarm (Choice A) is not advisable as it can be a safety measure to alert the staff when the client tries to get out of bed. Using physical restraints (Choice B) and applying a vest restraint (Choice D) should be avoided as they can lead to physical and psychological harm, reduce mobility, and compromise the client's dignity.

Similar Questions