Nursing Elites

1. A nurse is planning care for a client who has ascites secondary to liver disease. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care?

• A. Reduce complex carbohydrates to 30% of total calories.
• B. Restrict protein intake to less than 0.8 g/kg/day.
• C. Decrease daily caloric intake by 20%.
• D. Limit sodium to 2000 mg or less per day.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Limiting sodium to 2000 mg or less per day helps manage fluid retention associated with ascites in liver disease.

2. A nurse is providing education to a client who is experiencing dumping syndrome following gastric surgery. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

• A. I should drink additional fluids with my meals.
• B. I should eat high-fiber snacks between meals.
• C. I should eat a protein source with each meal.
• D. I can have caffeinated beverages in small amounts.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Eating a protein source with each meal can help manage dumping syndrome by slowing gastric emptying and reducing symptoms.

3. A nurse is reviewing the lab findings of a client who has Clostridium Difficile. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the client is experiencing Fluid Volume Deficit?

• A. Hct 53%
• B. Potassium 3.5
• C. Sodium 145
• D. HbA1c 5

Correct answer: A

Rationale: An elevated hematocrit level (Hct 53%) indicates hemoconcentration, a sign of fluid volume deficit.

4. A nurse has just inserted an NG tube for a client who is to start enteral tube feedings. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to verify tube placement?

• A. Measure the tube length.
• B. Obtain an abdominal x-ray.
• C. Flush the tube with 20 mL of water.
• D. Auscultate the client’s lungs.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Obtaining an abdominal x-ray is the most accurate method to verify the correct placement of an NG tube.

5. A nurse is providing dietary teaching to a client who has a new diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Which of the following foods or beverages should the nurse recommend to minimize heartburn?

• A. Orange juice
• B. Decaffeinated coffee
• C. Peppermint
• D. Potatoes

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Potatoes. Potatoes are bland and less likely to relax the lower esophageal sphincter, making them a good choice for minimizing heartburn in clients with GERD. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Orange juice and peppermint can exacerbate GERD symptoms due to their acidic or relaxing effects on the esophageal sphincter. Decaffeinated coffee, although lower in caffeine, is still acidic and can trigger heartburn in individuals with GERD.

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