Nursing Elites

1. Larry, 55 years old, who is suspected of having colorectal cancer, is admitted to the CI. After taking the history and vital signs the physician does which test as a screening test for colorectal cancer.

• A. Barium enema
• B. Carcinoembryonic antigen
• C. Annual digital rectal examination
• D. Proctosigmoidoscopy

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

2. A nurse is teaching a client about complete and incomplete proteins. Which of the following foods should the nurse include in the teaching as an incomplete protein?

• A. 4 oz chickpeas
• B. 2 poached eggs
• C. 2 oz cheddar cheese
• D. 4 oz salmon fillet

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 4 oz chickpeas. Chickpeas are considered an incomplete protein because they lack one or more essential amino acids required by the body. Incomplete proteins do not provide all essential amino acids in sufficient quantities. Choice B, 2 poached eggs, is a complete protein source because eggs contain all essential amino acids. Choice C, 2 oz cheddar cheese, is also a complete protein as it contains all essential amino acids. Choice D, 4 oz salmon fillet, is another complete protein source as fish typically provide all essential amino acids needed by the body.

3. The following are appropriate nursing interventions during colostomy irrigation, EXCEPT:

• A. Increase the irrigating solution flow rate when abdominal cramps is felt
• B. Insert 2-4 inches of an adequately lubricated catheter to the stoma
• C. Position client in semi-Fowler
• D. Hang the solution 18 inches above the stoma

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patient safety and efficacy of care depend on actions rooted in established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.

4. What is the initial major sign of acute renal failure?

• A. Oliguria
• B. Hematuria
• C. Proteinuria
• D. Glycosuria

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Oliguria, or reduced urine output, is often the initial major sign of acute renal failure. This reduction in urine output indicates that the kidneys are not functioning properly. Hematuria (blood in urine), proteinuria (presence of protein in urine), and glycosuria (presence of glucose in urine) are not typically the initial major signs of acute renal failure. While they may be present in certain conditions, oliguria is the most common and critical indicator of acute renal failure.

5. A condition that is conducive to the development of dental caries is said to be _____.

• A. periodontal
• B. cariogenic
• C. gingival
• D. bacteriophilic

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A condition that is conducive to the development of dental caries is described as cariogenic. Cariogenic refers to foods or conditions that promote the development of dental caries by providing an environment for bacteria to thrive and produce acids that erode tooth enamel. Choice A, periodontal, is incorrect as it relates to the supporting structures of the teeth rather than the development of dental caries. Choice C, gingival, is also incorrect as it pertains to the gums rather than the causation of dental caries. Choice D, bacteriophilic, is not the term commonly used to describe conditions that lead to dental caries, making it an incorrect choice.

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