ATI RN
ATI Comprehensive Exit Exam
1. When collecting a sputum specimen from a client with tuberculosis, what action should the nurse take?
- A. Obtain the specimen immediately upon the client waking up.
- B. Wait one day to collect the specimen if the client cannot provide sputum.
- C. Ask the client to provide 15 to 20 ml of sputum.
- D. Wear sterile gloves when collecting the specimen.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to obtain the specimen immediately upon the client waking up. Collecting sputum early in the morning provides the best sample for tuberculosis testing. Option B is incorrect because waiting a day can decrease the accuracy of the specimen. Option C is incorrect as it does not specify the optimal timing for specimen collection. Option D is incorrect as sterile gloves should be worn for infection control but do not specifically relate to the timing of specimen collection.
2. A client receiving chemotherapy with Methotrexate asks why Leucovorin is being given. Which of the following responses should the nurse use?
- A. Leucovorin reduces the risk of a transfusion reaction from Methotrexate.
- B. Leucovorin increases platelet production and prevents bleeding.
- C. Leucovorin potentiates the cytotoxic effects of Methotrexate.
- D. Leucovorin protects healthy cells from Methotrexate's toxic effects.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Leucovorin, a folic acid derivative and an antagonist to Methotrexate, is given within 12 hours of high doses of Methotrexate to protect healthy cells from the toxic effects of Methotrexate. It helps to reduce the bone marrow suppression and gastrointestinal side effects caused by Methotrexate, supporting the client's overall well-being during chemotherapy treatment. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because Leucovorin does not reduce the risk of a transfusion reaction from Methotrexate, increase platelet production, prevent bleeding, or potentiate the cytotoxic effects of Methotrexate. Instead, Leucovorin works by rescuing healthy cells from the toxic effects of Methotrexate.
3. If a patient's blood pressure is 150/96, what is his pulse pressure?
- A. 54
- B. 96
- C. 150
- D. 246
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Pulse pressure is calculated by subtracting the diastolic pressure from the systolic pressure. In this case, the systolic pressure is 150 and the diastolic pressure is 96. Therefore, the pulse pressure is 150 - 96 = 54. Pulse pressure represents the force generated by the heart with each contraction and is an important indicator of cardiovascular health.
4. What is the most consistent asset of resilient children?
- A. a strong bond with a competent, caring adult
- B. high intelligence
- C. an easygoing temperament
- D. an association with a rule-abiding peer
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The most consistent asset of resilient children is a strong bond with a competent, caring adult. This relationship provides crucial support, guidance, and positive role modeling, fostering resilience in children. While intelligence (choice B) can be beneficial, it is not as consistently impactful as a supportive adult bond. An easygoing temperament (choice C) may help, but it is not as universally present in resilient children. Associating with rule-abiding peers (choice D) can be helpful, but the connection with a caring adult is more significant in promoting resilience.
5. A client reports taking Phenylephrine nasal drops for the past 10 days for Sinusitis. The nurse should assess the client for which of the following adverse effects of this medication?
- A. Sedation
- B. Nasal congestion
- C. Productive cough
- D. Constipation
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Nasal congestion. When used for more than 5 days, nasal sympathomimetic medications like phenylephrine can lead to rebound nasal congestion, which is an adverse effect to be assessed in the client. Sedation (choice A) is not a common adverse effect of phenylephrine. Productive cough (choice C) and constipation (choice D) are also not typical adverse effects associated with phenylephrine use.
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