ATI RN
ATI Detailed Answer Key Medical Surgical
1. A client is unconscious with a breathing pattern characterized by alternating periods of hyperventilation and apnea. The nurse should document that the client has which of the following respiratory alterations?
- A. Kussmaul respirations
- B. Apneustic respirations
- C. Cheyne-Stokes respirations
- D. Stridor
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Cheyne-Stokes respirations are characterized by periods of deep, rapid breathing followed by periods of apnea. This pattern is often seen in clients with neurological or cardiac conditions. Kussmaul respirations are deep and rapid breaths often associated with metabolic acidosis. Apneustic respirations are characterized by prolonged inhalations with shortened exhalations and can indicate damage to the pons. Stridor is a high-pitched, noisy respiratory sound usually associated with upper airway obstruction. Therefore, in this scenario, the client's alternating pattern of hyperventilation and apnea aligns with Cheyne-Stokes respirations.
2. A healthcare professional assesses a client who is experiencing an acute asthma attack. Which assessment finding requires immediate intervention?
- A. Loud wheezing
- B. Increased respiratory rate
- C. Use of accessory muscles
- D. Silent chest
Correct answer: D
Rationale: A silent chest in a client experiencing an acute asthma attack indicates severe airway obstruction and impending respiratory failure. It is a critical finding that requires immediate intervention as it signifies a lack of airflow and ventilation. Loud wheezing, increased respiratory rate, and use of accessory muscles are common signs of an asthma attack and indicate the body's attempt to compensate. However, a silent chest suggests a dangerous lack of airflow that necessitates urgent medical attention to prevent respiratory arrest.
3. A healthcare professional is assessing a client who is recovering from a lung biopsy. Which assessment finding requires immediate action?
- A. Increased temperature
- B. Absent breath sounds
- C. Productive cough
- D. Incisional discomfort
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Absent breath sounds may indicate a pneumothorax, a serious complication post lung biopsy. This condition requires immediate attention to prevent respiratory distress.
4. A healthcare professional is interested in making interdisciplinary work a high priority. Which actions by the professional best demonstrate this skill? (Select ONE that does not apply)
- A. Consulting with other disciplines on client care
- B. Coordinating discharge planning for home safety
- C. Participating in comprehensive client rounding
- D. Sharing the care plans with other disciplines
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Interdisciplinary work in healthcare involves effective communication and collaboration between different disciplines for holistic client care. Consulting with other disciplines allows for sharing expertise, insights, and perspectives to enhance client outcomes. Participating in comprehensive client rounding involves a team-based approach to discuss and plan client care collectively. Sharing nursing care plans with other disciplines ensures that all team members are informed and can contribute to the client's overall well-being. Coordinating discharge planning is important but may not directly demonstrate interdisciplinary collaboration as the other actions do.
5. A client is caring for a postoperative client on the surgical unit. The client's blood pressure was 142/76 mm Hg 30 minutes ago and is now 88/50 mm Hg. What action by the nurse is best?
- A. Call the Rapid Response Team.
- B. Document and continue to monitor.
- C. Notify the primary care provider.
- D. Repeat blood pressure measurement in 15 minutes.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: In this scenario, the significant drop in blood pressure indicates a potential emergency situation. The correct action is to call the Rapid Response Team (RRT) to ensure prompt intervention and prevent further deterioration that could lead to respiratory or cardiac arrest. It is crucial to act swiftly in response to such a critical change in vital signs to provide the client with the necessary care and support.
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