ATI RN
Adult Medical Surgical ATI
1. A client was exposed to anthrax. Which of the following antibiotics should the nurse plan to administer?
- A. Ciprofloxacin
- B. Fluconazole
- C. Tobramycin
- D. Vancomycin
Correct answer: Ciprofloxacin
Rationale: In the case of anthrax exposure, the recommended antibiotic for prophylaxis and treatment is Ciprofloxacin. Ciprofloxacin is effective against the anthrax bacterium, Bacillus anthracis. Fluconazole is an antifungal medication, Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used for bacterial infections, and Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic primarily used for Gram-positive bacterial infections. Therefore, the correct choice is Ciprofloxacin.
2. Which responsibilities are included in the pediatric nurse's promotion of the health and well-being of children? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Promoting disease prevention
- B. Providing financial assistance
- C. Providing support and counseling
- D. A, C
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Pediatric nurses promote health through disease prevention, support, counseling, therapeutic relationships, and participating in ethical decision-making.
3. A nurse is providing discharge teaching for a client with a prescription for home oxygen therapy. Which instruction should the nurse include?
- A. Increase the oxygen flow rate when shortness of breath occurs
- B. Keep oxygen tubing away from heat sources
- C. Wear synthetic fabrics to prevent static
- D. Turn off the oxygen when not in use
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct instruction for a client with home oxygen therapy is to keep oxygen tubing away from heat sources to prevent fires and other hazards. Option A is incorrect because adjusting the oxygen flow rate without healthcare provider guidance can be dangerous. Option C is incorrect as synthetic fabrics can generate static electricity, which is a fire hazard. Option D is incorrect as oxygen should be left on as prescribed unless advised otherwise.
4. The client on furosemide (Lasix) is at risk for which electrolyte imbalance?
- A. Hyperkalemia
- B. Hypokalemia
- C. Hyponatremia
- D. Hypernatremia
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hypokalemia. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can lead to potassium loss, resulting in hypokalemia. This electrolyte imbalance is a significant risk associated with diuretic use. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Hyperkalemia (choice A) is not typically associated with furosemide use. Hyponatremia (choice C) and hypernatremia (choice D) are related to sodium levels, not potassium levels affected by furosemide.
5. A client has a new prescription for metronidazole. The client should avoid which of the following?
- A. Dairy products
- B. Alcohol
- C. Leafy green vegetables
- D. Grapefruit juice
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Alcohol. Clients should avoid alcohol while taking metronidazole to prevent a disulfiram-like reaction, which can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, headache, and flushing. Alcohol can interact with metronidazole and lead to adverse effects. Choices A, C, and D are not typically contraindicated with metronidazole. Dairy products, leafy green vegetables, and grapefruit juice do not have significant interactions with metronidazole, unlike alcohol.
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