ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Proctored Exam 2024
1. A client with peptic ulcer disease is prescribed omeprazole. Which finding should indicate to the nurse that the medication is effective?
- A. Relief of headache
- B. Relief of nausea
- C. Relief of abdominal pain
- D. Relief of heartburn
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Relief of abdominal pain is a key indicator of omeprazole effectively treating peptic ulcer disease. Omeprazole works by reducing stomach acid production, which helps alleviate abdominal pain associated with peptic ulcers. While relief of other symptoms like headache, nausea, and heartburn may also occur, the primary therapeutic goal of omeprazole in peptic ulcer disease is to reduce abdominal pain caused by gastric irritation. Therefore, the relief of abdominal pain is the most significant finding to indicate the effectiveness of omeprazole in this context. Choices A, B, and D may improve as a result of decreased stomach acid production, but they are not as specific or central to the therapeutic goal of treating peptic ulcer disease as the relief of abdominal pain.
2. A client is undergoing chemotherapy and expresses concern about hair loss. What is the best response?
- A. Reassure the client that hair loss is not permanent.
- B. Provide resources for wigs or hairpieces.
- C. Encourage the client to cut their hair short in advance.
- D. Advise the client that chemotherapy causes temporary hair loss.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The best response when a client undergoing chemotherapy expresses concern about hair loss is to advise them that chemotherapy causes temporary hair loss. This response provides accurate information to the client about the side effect they are experiencing. Choice A is incorrect because it may provide false reassurance as for some individuals, hair loss can be a challenging experience. Choice B is not the best initial response as addressing the client's concerns and providing information should come first. Choice C is not the most appropriate response as cutting hair short may not necessarily prevent hair loss and does not address the client's concerns about the temporary nature of chemotherapy-induced hair loss.
3. A nurse is preparing for the hospital admission of a client who is suspected to have active tuberculosis (TB). Which of the following precautions should the nurse plan to implement to safely care for this client?
- A. Staff and visitors should wear gowns, masks, and gloves while in the client's room.
- B. The client should be placed in a private room with a special ventilation system.
- C. The client may be placed in a room with other clients who require droplet isolation precautions.
- D. The protocol for donning and removing personal protective equipment before entering or leaving the room of a client with TB is different than for clients who are in other types of isolation.
Correct answer: The client should be placed in a private room with a special ventilation system.
Rationale: When caring for a client suspected of having active tuberculosis (TB), it is essential to place the client in a private room with a special ventilation system to prevent the spread of TB bacteria to others. Choice A is incorrect because staff and visitors should wear respiratory protection, not just gowns, masks, and gloves. Choice C is incorrect as clients with TB should not be placed in a room with other clients, as they need to be isolated to prevent transmission. Choice D is incorrect because the protocol for donning and removing personal protective equipment for clients with TB is similar to other types of isolation, focusing on proper infection control measures.
4. The nurse misread a patient's glucose as 210 mg/dL instead of 120 mg/dL and administered the insulin dose for a reading over 200 mg/dL. What is the priority action?
- A. Administer glucose IV
- B. Monitor for hyperglycemia
- C. Monitor for hypoglycemia
- D. Document the incident
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The priority action is to monitor the patient for signs of hypoglycemia as the nurse administered excess insulin due to misreading the glucose level. Administering glucose IV (Choice A) is not the immediate priority when dealing with hypoglycemia. Monitoring for hyperglycemia (Choice B) is not the correct action as the insulin was administered for a higher glucose reading. Documenting the incident (Choice D) is important but not the priority when the patient's safety is at risk due to possible hypoglycemia.
5. Garantisadong Pambata (GP) or Child Health Week is the approach adopted to provide micronutrient supplements to 6-71-month-old preschoolers on a nationwide scale. This involves twice a year distribution of:
- A. Retinol
- B. Iron
- C. Iodine
- D. Calcium
Correct answer: A
Rationale: During Child Health Week, retinol (vitamin A) is distributed to preschoolers. Vitamin A supplementation is crucial for maintaining good vision, boosting the immune system, and supporting overall growth and development in children.
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