ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Quizlet
1. A client has a new prescription for Labetalol. Which of the following instructions should be included?
- A. Take this medication at bedtime.
- B. Avoid sudden discontinuation of the medication.
- C. Increase your intake of sodium-rich foods.
- D. Avoid drinking grapefruit juice.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to instruct the client to avoid sudden discontinuation of Labetalol. Abrupt discontinuation of beta-blockers like Labetalol can lead to rebound hypertension and other cardiac issues. It is important for clients to taper off the medication under healthcare provider guidance to prevent potential complications.
2. What is the first-line treatment for a patient experiencing wheezing and coughing due to an allergic reaction?
- A. Albuterol via nebulizer
- B. Methylprednisolone 100 mg IV
- C. Cromolyn 20 mg via nebulizer
- D. Aminophylline 500 mg IV
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Albuterol via nebulizer. Albuterol is the first-line treatment for wheezing caused by an allergic reaction as it quickly opens the airways, providing rapid relief. Choice B, Methylprednisolone 100 mg IV, is a systemic corticosteroid that may be used in severe cases to reduce inflammation but is not the initial treatment for acute wheezing. Choice C, Cromolyn 20 mg via nebulizer, is a mast cell stabilizer that is more commonly used for prophylaxis rather than acute relief in allergic conditions. Choice D, Aminophylline 500 mg IV, is a bronchodilator that is less commonly used now due to its narrow therapeutic window and potential for toxicity, making it less preferred than Albuterol for initial treatment of wheezing.
3. Which of the following therapies is not included in the medical management of a client with peritonitis?
- A. Broad-spectrum antibiotics
- B. Electrolyte replacement
- C. I.V. fluids
- D. Regular diet
Correct answer: D
Rationale: A regular diet is not included in the medical management of peritonitis, which requires bowel rest and IV fluids.
4. A patient was admitted with gastric cancer. The patient asks the nurse about things to expect while receiving chemotherapy. Which of the following statements of the nurse shows incompetence?
- A. You can expect hair loss, but do not worry it will grow back immediately
- B. You may be infected easily, so avoid going to overpopulated places
- C. We may need to monitor your uric acid levels
- D. We may need to monitor your RBCs
Correct answer: A
Rationale: While hair loss (alopecia) is a common side effect of chemotherapy due to the damage to rapidly dividing hair follicle cells, the statement that hair will grow back "immediately" is inaccurate and misleading. Hair regrowth after chemotherapy takes time, typically starting a few weeks to months after treatment ends. The new hair may also have a different texture or color initially. Therefore, this statement indicates a lack of understanding and could give the patient unrealistic expectations, which is why it shows incompetence.
5. What describes a criterion used to diagnose diabetes?
- A. a plasma glucose concentration of 100 mg/dL or higher after a fast of at least 12 hours
- B. a casual blood sample of 200 mg/dL or higher in a person with classic symptoms
- C. a plasma glucose concentration measured two hours after a 200-gram glucose load is 400 mg/dL or higher
- D. a HbA1C higher than 5 percent
Correct answer: B
Rationale: A casual blood sample of 200 mg/dL or higher in a person with classic symptoms is a diagnostic criterion for diabetes. This choice aligns with the typical clinical presentation of diabetes and is a key diagnostic indicator. Choices A, C, and D do not accurately reflect the established criteria for diagnosing diabetes, making them incorrect. Choice A pertains to a fasting plasma glucose level, Choice C involves a glucose challenge test, and Choice D refers to HbA1C levels, which are used for monitoring blood sugar control over time, not for diagnosing diabetes.
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