ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology
1. A client has a new prescription for Enalapril. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse monitor?
- A. Dry cough
- B. Weight gain
- C. Diarrhea
- D. Nausea
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Dry cough. A persistent dry cough is a common adverse effect of Enalapril, an ACE inhibitor. Enalapril can cause the accumulation of bradykinin, leading to cough. Monitoring for a persistent dry cough is crucial as it may indicate the need for further evaluation and possible medication adjustment. Choices B, C, and D are not typically associated with Enalapril use and are less likely to be monitored as adverse effects.
2. A client is prescribed albuterol. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Take this medication before meals.
- B. You might experience tremors while taking this medication.
- C. Limit your caffeine intake while taking this medication.
- D. Take this medication at bedtime.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Albuterol can cause tremors as a common side effect. Instructing the client about this potential side effect is crucial for their awareness and preparedness. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because taking albuterol before meals, limiting caffeine intake, or taking it at bedtime are not specific instructions related to managing the side effects of albuterol like tremors.
3. An infant is born with a gastroschisis. Care preoperatively should include which priority intervention?
- A. Prone position
- B. Sterile water feedings
- C. Monitoring serum laboratory electrolytes
- D. Covering the defect with a sterile bowel bag
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct priority intervention for an infant with gastroschisis is to cover the exposed abdominal contents with a sterile bowel bag. This action helps protect the intestines from injury, contamination, and dehydration before surgical repair. Choice A, placing the infant in the prone position, is not appropriate as it does not address the immediate need to protect the exposed intestines. Choice B, sterile water feedings, and Choice C, monitoring serum laboratory electrolytes, are not the priority interventions for this condition. Sterile water feedings may not provide the necessary protection for the exposed intestines, and monitoring electrolytes, while important, is secondary to the immediate need for protection and hydration of the exposed abdominal contents.
4. Around __________, Baby Alanna should begin to prefer a salty taste to plain water.
- A. 2 weeks
- B. 6 weeks
- C. 2 months
- D. 4 months
Correct answer: D
Rationale: At around 4 months of age, babies begin to develop a preference for salty taste over plain water. This preference is part of their sensory development and exploration of tastes. Introducing a variety of flavors, including salty tastes, at this stage helps broaden the baby's palate and acceptance of different foods later on. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as babies typically do not develop a preference for salty tastes over plain water at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, or 2 months of age. These earlier stages are more focused on milk feeding and the introduction of solid foods usually begins around 4-6 months of age.
5. A client had oral surgery following a motor vehicle accident. The nurse assessing the client finds the skin flushed and warm. Which of the following would be the best method to take the client’s body temperature?
- A. Oral
- B. Axillary
- C. Arterial line
- D. Rectal
Correct answer: D
Rationale: In cases where the oral route is contraindicated due to oral surgery or altered consciousness, the rectal method is preferred for the most accurate body temperature reading. This method is particularly useful when the skin is flushed and warm, as it provides a reliable reflection of core body temperature despite external factors affecting the skin temperature. Axillary temperature may not be as accurate as rectal temperature due to variations caused by environmental factors and technique. Arterial line temperature monitoring is invasive and not typically used for routine temperature assessment.
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