a nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a client who is receiving heparin via continuous iv infusion which of the following results indicates that

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ATI Pharmacology Test Bank

1. A healthcare professional is reviewing laboratory results for a client who is receiving heparin via continuous IV infusion. Which of the following results indicates that the heparin infusion should be increased?

A. aPTT of 90 seconds
B. Platelet count of 150,000/mmÂ³
C. INR of 1.0
D. Hgb of 15 g/dL

Correct answer: A

Rationale: An aPTT of 90 seconds is above the therapeutic range for heparin, which typically falls between 60-80 seconds. This indicates that the current heparin dose is too high, and the infusion rate should be decreased to avoid excessive anticoagulation and the risk of bleeding. Monitoring aPTT is crucial in adjusting heparin therapy to maintain it within the therapeutic range.

2. Which of the following conditions are not treated with opioid analgesics like dextromethorphan and methadone?

A. Pulmonary Edema
B. Cough suppression
C. Sedation
D. Pain

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Opioid analgesics like dextromethorphan and methadone are primarily used for pain management and cough suppression. Sedation is not a primary indication for these medications.

3. Which medication is contraindicated with Nitroglycerin?

A. Hydrochloroquine
B. Methylprednisolone
C. Phenazopyridine
D. Erectile dysfunction drugs

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Erectile dysfunction drugs. Erectile dysfunction drugs are contraindicated with Nitroglycerin because they can potentiate the hypotensive effects of Nitroglycerin, leading to severe hypotension. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they are not known to have significant interactions with Nitroglycerin.

4. What is pharmacodynamics?

A. The medical reference summarizing standards of drug purity, strength, and directions for synthesis
B. The drug's actions at receptor sites and the physiological, chemical, and behavioral effects produced by these actions
C. The maximum response that a drug can produce
D. Movements of the drugs throughout the body

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Pharmacodynamics refers to the drug's actions at receptor sites and the physiological, chemical, and behavioral effects produced by these actions. It involves understanding how drugs interact with the body at the molecular level to produce their effects, including mechanisms of action, receptor binding, and downstream physiological responses. Choice A is incorrect because it describes pharmacopeia, which is a reference book containing standards for drugs. Choice C refers to efficacy, which is the maximum effect a drug can produce. Choice D describes pharmacokinetics, which focuses on the movement of drugs within the body.

5. A client is receiving discharge instructions for a new prescription of Warfarin. Which of the following over-the-counter medications should the client be instructed to avoid?

A. Acetaminophen
B. Ibuprofen
C. Diphenhydramine
D. Loratadine

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ibuprofen. Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that can increase the risk of bleeding when taken with Warfarin due to its antiplatelet effects. Patients on Warfarin should avoid NSAIDs like Ibuprofen and opt for alternative pain relief options to prevent potential complications such as an increased risk of bleeding. Acetaminophen (Choice A), Diphenhydramine (Choice C), and Loratadine (Choice D) are not known to significantly interact with Warfarin in terms of bleeding risk and are generally considered safe to use alongside Warfarin.