Nursing Elites

1. A nurse at a provider's office is providing teaching to a client who is taking chemotherapy and losing weight. Which of the following should the nurse recommend to increase calorie and protein intake? (Select one that does not apply.)

• A. Top yogurt with fruits.
• B. Add cream to soups.
• C. Use milk instead of water in recipes.
• D. Increase fluids during meals.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct recommendation to increase calorie and protein intake for a client taking chemotherapy and losing weight is to add cream to soups (choice B), as it provides additional calories and proteins. Using milk instead of water in recipes (choice C) can also increase the calorie and protein content. Topping yogurt with fruits (choice A) can be a healthy choice but may not significantly increase calorie and protein intake. Increasing fluids during meals (choice D) may fill up the stomach, potentially reducing the intake of solid foods, which is not ideal when trying to increase calorie and protein consumption.

2. Each statement is true of fat-soluble vitamins, except one. Which is the exception?

• A. Fairly stable to heat, such as during cooking
• B. Contain carbon
• C. Stored in the pancreas
• D. Absorbed in the intestine along with fats and lipids in food

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Fat-soluble vitamins are not stored in the pancreas; they are stored in the liver and fatty tissues. Choice A is correct as fat-soluble vitamins are fairly stable to heat. Choice B is also correct as fat-soluble vitamins contain carbon. Choice D is correct as fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed in the intestine along with fats and lipids in food.

3. Dental hygienists should not encourage patients with eating disorders such as bulimia to brush immediately after vomiting because self-induced vomiting causes erosion of tooth enamel and dentin hypersensitivity.

• A. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related
• B. Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related
• C. The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct
• D. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The corrected question emphasizes that patients with eating disorders like bulimia should not brush immediately after vomiting as it can worsen enamel erosion due to the acidic content in the mouth. The correct answer is D because patients should rinse with water or a fluoride mouthwash instead of brushing to protect their teeth. Choice A is incorrect because encouraging patients to brush after vomiting is not recommended. Choice B is incorrect as the reason provided is valid but not suitable for the action of encouraging brushing. Choice C is incorrect as the reason for not brushing after vomiting is to prevent enamel erosion.

4. What laboratory value would be considered a high-risk measure for coronary heart disease assessment?

• A. triglycerides > 150 mg/dL
• B. BMI > 31
• C. LDL cholesterol < 128 mg/dL
• D. blood pressure of 128/82 mmHg

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: BMI > 31. A BMI over 31 is considered a high-risk factor for coronary heart disease as it indicates obesity, which is strongly linked to cardiovascular issues. Triglycerides > 150 mg/dL (choice A) can contribute to heart disease risk but are not as specific as BMI in assessing overall risk. LDL cholesterol < 128 mg/dL (choice C) is actually a desirable level, indicating lower risk. A blood pressure of 128/82 mmHg (choice D) is within normal range and not a high-risk measure specifically for coronary heart disease.

5. Mr. Bruno asks what the “normal” allowable salt intake is. Your best response to Mr. Bruno is:

• A. 1 tsp of salt/day with iodine and sprinkle of MSG
• B. 5 gms per day or 1 tsp of table salt/day
• C. 1 tbsp of salt/day with some patis and toyo
• D. 1 tsp of salt/day but no patis and toyo

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patient safety and efficacy of care depend on actions rooted in established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.

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