ATI RN
ATI Capstone Adult Medical Surgical Assessment 1
1. A nurse at a provider's office is interviewing a client who has multiple sclerosis and has been taking dantrolene for several months. Which of the following client statements should the nurse identify as an indication that the medication is effective?
- A. I don't have muscle spasms as frequently.
- B. I haven't gotten any colds, even though it is flu season.
- C. I feel like my nerve pain has improved.
- D. It is easier to urinate now.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'I don't have muscle spasms as frequently.' Dantrolene is a medication that relaxes skeletal muscles and is commonly prescribed to treat muscle spasms in clients with multiple sclerosis. Therefore, a reduction in muscle spasms frequency would be an indication of the medication's effectiveness. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because dantrolene is not indicated for preventing colds, improving nerve pain, or easing urination. The focus should be on the medication's intended purpose, which is to address muscle spasms in clients with multiple sclerosis.
2. Taking tests and answering questionnaires are examples of __________.
- A. research designs
- B. theories
- C. hypotheses
- D. research methods
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Taking tests and answering questionnaires are examples of research methods. Research methods refer to the specific approaches used in conducting research, such as collecting data, analyzing information, and drawing conclusions. In this case, tests and questionnaires are tools used to gather information and data for research purposes, making them examples of research methods. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because research designs refer to the overall structure and plan of a study, theories are explanations developed through research and observation, and hypotheses are specific predictions or statements that can be tested through research.
3. A patient with endometriosis is prescribed medroxyprogesterone acetate (Provera). What should the nurse include in the patient education?
- A. Medroxyprogesterone should be taken at the same time each day to maintain consistent hormone levels.
- B. Medroxyprogesterone can be taken with food to reduce gastrointestinal upset.
- C. Medroxyprogesterone should be discontinued if side effects occur.
- D. Medroxyprogesterone should be taken once a week to maintain effectiveness.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: When educating a patient with endometriosis who is prescribed medroxyprogesterone acetate (Provera), the nurse should emphasize the importance of taking the medication at the same time each day. This helps maintain consistent hormone levels and ensures the effectiveness of the treatment. Option A is correct. Option B is incorrect because medroxyprogesterone should be taken consistently, regardless of food intake. Option C is incorrect because discontinuing the medication without consulting a healthcare provider can be harmful. Option D is incorrect because medroxyprogesterone is typically taken daily, not weekly, for the treatment of endometriosis.
4. A client who has been taking prednisone to treat asthma is advised to discontinue the medication. The client should be instructed to reduce the dose gradually to prevent which of the following adverse effects?
- A. Hyperglycemia
- B. Adrenocortical insufficiency
- C. Severe dehydration
- D. Rebound pulmonary congestion
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Abruptly stopping prednisone can result in adrenocortical insufficiency due to suppression of the adrenal glands. Gradually tapering the dose helps the body adjust and resume its natural cortisol production, preventing adrenal insufficiency. Choice A, hyperglycemia, is a possible adverse effect of prednisone, but it is not the primary reason for gradual tapering. Severe dehydration (Choice C) and rebound pulmonary congestion (Choice D) are not typically associated with discontinuing prednisone.
5. A client with diabetes is being taught by a nurse about the dietary source that should provide the greatest percentage of calories. Which of the following statements indicates the client understands the teaching?
- A. “Most of my calories each day should be from fats.”
- B. “I should eat more calories from complex carbohydrates than anything else.”
- C. “Simple sugars are needed more than other calorie sources.”
- D. “Protein should be my main source of calories.”
Correct answer: “I should eat more calories from complex carbohydrates than anything else.”
Rationale: The correct answer is '“I should eat more calories from complex carbohydrates than anything else.”' Clients with diabetes should focus on complex carbohydrates as their primary calorie source because they have a lower impact on blood sugar levels compared to simple sugars or fats. Choice A is incorrect because a high intake of fats can lead to various health issues. Choice C is incorrect because simple sugars can cause rapid spikes in blood sugar levels. Choice D is incorrect as while protein is important, it should not be the main source of calories for someone with diabetes.
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