Nursing Elites

1. According to Piaget, which principle supports a nine-year-old child's understanding that an arm will look the same when the IV is removed?

• A. The principle of conservation
• B. The principle of transductive reasoning
• C. The principle of identity
• D. The principle of reflex abilities

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, the principle of conservation. Piaget's principle of conservation relates to a child's ability to understand that certain properties of objects remain unchanged despite modifications in their appearance. In this case, the child's understanding that an arm will look the same after the IV is removed demonstrates conservation of appearance. Choice B, transductive reasoning, involves making faulty generalizations based on specific instances and does not apply in this context. Choice C, the principle of identity, pertains to recognizing objects as the same even if they undergo transformations, which is not directly relevant to the scenario. Choice D, reflex abilities, refers to automatic responses to stimuli and is unrelated to the child's understanding of the arm's appearance post-IV removal.

2. A preschool-age boy presents to the outpatient clinic for a sore throat. In the child’s mind, which is the most likely cause for the sore throat?

• A. Being exposed to a classmate with strep throat
• B. Not eating the right foods
• C. Not taking daily vitamins
• D. Yelling at sibling for being annoying

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Preschool-age children often attribute illness to their actions, like yelling at a sibling or not following instructions. They may not understand medical causes such as exposure to infections like strep throat (choice A), dietary factors (choice B), or vitamin deficiencies (choice C). It is common for young children to connect symptoms to recent behaviors or events within their limited understanding.

3. A school-age child with cancer is being prepared for a procedure. The child says, “I have had one of these before. They hurt.” The nurse bases her response on what knowledge related to pain in this patient?

• A. Often misrepresent experiencing pain
• B. Tolerate pain better than adults
• C. Become accustomed to painful procedures
• D. Commonly experience treatment-related moderate to severe pain when they have cancer

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Pain is frequently reported by children with cancer, with around 84% experiencing it. Most children report moderate to severe pain, with about half finding it highly distressing. There is no evidence to suggest that children often misrepresent their pain experiences. Pain tolerance is not solely based on age but is a complex phenomenon. Children do not become accustomed to painful procedures, as each experience of pain is unique.

4. Which statement regarding bottle mouth caries requires further teaching?

• A. Caries can be decreased by putting an infant to bed with a bottle of milk or sweetened juice
• B. Eliminating the bedtime bottle or substituting water is recommended
• C. Sugar pools within the oral cavity cause severe decay
• D. It is often seen in children between 18 months and 3 years

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Putting an infant to bed with a bottle of milk or sweetened juice increases the risk of bottle mouth caries rather than decreasing it. This statement requires further teaching as it provides incorrect information. Choice B is correct as eliminating the bedtime bottle or substituting water is recommended to prevent bottle mouth caries. Choice C is also correct as sugar pooling within the oral cavity can indeed cause severe decay. Choice D is correct as bottle mouth caries is often observed in children between 18 months and 3 years.

5. The nurse is preparing an airborne infection isolation room for a patient. Which communicable disease does the patient likely have?

• A. Varicella
• B. Pertussis
• C. Influenza
• D. Scarlet fever

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Varicella (chickenpox) is an airborne infectious disease, requiring isolation to prevent the spread of the virus.

Similar Questions