Nursing Elites

1. Physiological anorexia in toddlerhood occurs because of:

• A. Decreased appetite and decreased nutritional need
• B. Decreased appetite and increased nutritional need
• C. Increased appetite and lack of food preferences
• D. Increased appetite and strong food preferences

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Physiological anorexia in toddlers occurs due to a decreased appetite as growth rates slow down. Choice A is correct because it aligns with the concept that toddlers experience a natural decrease in appetite as their growth rate decreases. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they suggest increased appetite or other factors not associated with physiological anorexia in toddlerhood.

2. A parent brings their 2-year-old son in for a well visit. The nurse assesses his growth since the last appointment. Which finding should concern the nurse?

• A. Prominent abdomen
• B. Forward curve of the spine in the sacral area
• C. Increase in height of 5 inches in the past year
• D. Total weight gain of 15 lb in the past year

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. A total weight gain of 15 lb in one year for a 2-year-old is excessive and may indicate an underlying issue such as a metabolic disorder or overfeeding. This rapid weight gain can put the child at risk for health problems. Choices A, B, and C are not typically concerning findings in a 2-year-old. A prominent abdomen can be normal at this age due to a toddler's slightly protruding belly, a forward curve of the spine at the sacral area is a typical finding in young children, and an increase in height of 5 inches in a year is within the expected range of growth for a 2-year-old.

3. The nurse is caring for an infant who had surgical repair of a tracheoesophageal fistula 24 hours ago. Gastrostomy feedings have not been started. What do nursing actions related to the gastrostomy tube include?

• A. Keep the tube clamped.
• B. Suction the tube as needed.
• C. Leave the tube open to gravity drainage.
• D. Secure the tube with tape.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Leaving the gastrostomy tube open to gravity drainage prevents the accumulation of air and fluids, reducing the risk of complications such as vomiting or aspiration in the immediate postoperative period. Keeping the tube clamped or suctioning it can lead to pressure buildup, increasing the risk of complications. Securing the tube with tape is important but not the primary action related to the gastrostomy tube in this case.

4. The child is admitted with acute abdominal pain and possible appendicitis. What intervention is appropriate to relieve the abdominal discomfort during the evaluation?

• A. Place the child in the Trendelenburg position.
• B. Apply moist heat to the abdomen.
• C. Allow the child to assume a position of comfort.
• D. Administer a saline enema to cleanse the bowel.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Allowing the child to assume a position of comfort is appropriate as it helps alleviate discomfort without the risk of complications. Placing the child in the Trendelenburg position could increase intra-abdominal pressure and worsen the condition. Applying moist heat may lead to vasodilation and potential perforation in case of appendicitis. Administering a saline enema can be harmful if the appendix is inflamed or perforated.

5. What information should the nurse include when teaching an adolescent with Crohn disease (CD)?

• A. How to cope with stress and adjust to chronic illness
• B. Preparation for surgical treatment and cure of CD
• C. Nutritional guidance and prevention of constipation
• D. Prevention of spread of illness to others and principles of high-fiber diet

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Teaching about coping with stress and adjusting to chronic illness is crucial for adolescents with Crohn disease. CD is a chronic condition with no cure, so focusing on managing the disease, stress, and diet is essential for improving the adolescent's quality of life. Choice B is incorrect because Crohn disease cannot be cured surgically. Choice C is relevant but not as essential as coping with stress and chronic illness. Choice D is not a priority in teaching an adolescent with Crohn disease as it mainly focuses on preventing the spread of illness to others, which is not a significant concern with CD, and high-fiber diets may not always be suitable for individuals with this condition.

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