ATI RN
Pathophysiology Practice Exam
1. A male patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is prescribed finasteride (Proscar). What should the nurse include in the patient education?
- A. The medication is expected to reduce the size of the prostate, which should improve urinary symptoms over time.
- B. The medication will improve symptoms within a few days.
- C. The medication will cure BPH after treatment is complete.
- D. The medication may cause erectile dysfunction as a side effect.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Finasteride is expected to reduce the size of the prostate, which should improve urinary symptoms over time, although the effects may take several weeks or months to become noticeable.
2. A client receiving chemotherapy treatments tells the nurse, 'I feel so nauseated after my treatments.' Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide the client?
- A. Eat common foods that are served cold.
- B. Sip fluids slowly throughout the day.
- C. Sit up for 1 hr after eating meals.
- D. All of the Above
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'All of the Above.' Common foods served cold, sipping fluids slowly throughout the day, and sitting up for 1 hr after eating meals can help manage nausea associated with chemotherapy. Eating common foods served cold can be easier on the stomach, sipping fluids slowly can prevent overwhelming the digestive system, and sitting up after meals can aid digestion. Choices A, B, and C all contribute to alleviating nausea and are appropriate instructions for the client.
3. What is the most concerning electrolyte imbalance for a patient receiving digoxin?
- A. Hyperkalemia
- B. Hypokalemia
- C. Hyponatremia
- D. Hypercalcemia
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is Hypokalemia. Hypokalemia is the most concerning electrolyte imbalance for a patient receiving digoxin because it can increase the risk of digoxin toxicity. Low potassium levels can potentiate the effects of digoxin on the heart, leading to serious cardiac arrhythmias. Hyperkalemia (Choice A) is not typically associated with digoxin use. Hyponatremia (Choice C) and Hypercalcemia (Choice D) are not directly related to digoxin therapy and do not pose the same risk of toxicity.
4. A client is being prepared for discharge after a stroke. Which of the following interventions should be included in the discharge plan to prevent complications?
- A. Recommend physical therapy to improve mobility
- B. Teach the client how to use an incentive spirometer
- C. Encourage the client to ambulate daily
- D. Provide education on proper medication management
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is to provide education on proper medication management. Proper medication management is crucial in reducing the risk of stroke recurrence and ensuring the client adheres to the treatment plan. While physical therapy, incentive spirometer use, and daily ambulation are important aspects of stroke rehabilitation, they are not directly related to preventing complications during the discharge phase.
5. When the nurse interviews an adolescent, which is especially important?
- A. Focus the discussion on the peer group
- B. Allow an opportunity to express feelings
- C. Use the same type of language as the adolescent
- D. Emphasize that confidentiality will always be maintained
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Allowing adolescents to express their feelings helps them feel heard and supported, which is crucial for effective communication.
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