ATI RN
ATI Pathophysiology Exam 1
1. What serious adverse effect should the nurse monitor for during testosterone therapy?
- A. Testosterone therapy increases the risk of cardiovascular events, so regular monitoring is essential.
- B. Testosterone therapy can cause liver dysfunction, so liver function tests should be monitored regularly.
- C. Testosterone therapy can lead to prostate cancer, so regular screenings are recommended.
- D. Testosterone therapy can lead to bone fractures, so bone density should be monitored.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Testosterone therapy is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. Therefore, the nurse should monitor the patient for cardiovascular complications. While monitoring liver function tests (choice B) and bone density (choice D) may be important in some cases, the primary concern during testosterone therapy is the risk of cardiovascular events. Prostate cancer screenings (choice C) are not directly related to testosterone therapy's adverse effects.
2. Which of the following best describes the concept of patient autonomy?
- A. The right of patients to make their own healthcare decisions
- B. The duty to do no harm
- C. The obligation to tell the truth
- D. The responsibility to provide equitable care
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Patient autonomy refers to the right of patients to make their own healthcare decisions based on their values and preferences. It emphasizes the importance of respecting patients' rights to choose their treatment options, even if their decisions may not align with healthcare providers' recommendations. Choice B, the duty to do no harm, refers to the ethical principle of nonmaleficence, which is separate from patient autonomy. Choice C, the obligation to tell the truth, is related to the principle of veracity and does not directly encompass patient autonomy. Choice D, the responsibility to provide equitable care, pertains to the concept of justice in healthcare and is not synonymous with patient autonomy.
3. How does a healthcare professional assess a patient's fluid balance, and what signs indicate fluid overload?
- A. Checking lung sounds for crackles
- B. Checking for signs of orthopnea
- C. Monitoring intake and output, and checking for edema
- D. Measuring daily weight
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is monitoring intake and output and checking for edema. Monitoring intake and output provides information about fluid balance in the body, while checking for edema helps assess for fluid overload. Lung sounds and signs of orthopnea are more indicative of respiratory issues rather than fluid balance. Daily weight measurement is useful to assess fluid status, but it alone may not provide a comprehensive evaluation of fluid balance.
4. When teaching a patient about self-administration of insulin, what is the most important instruction to provide?
- A. Rotate injection sites to prevent tissue damage.
- B. Inject insulin at a 90-degree angle for proper absorption.
- C. Store insulin in the refrigerator to maintain potency.
- D. Teach the patient to administer insulin at the same time each day.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The most important instruction to provide when teaching a patient about self-administration of insulin is to rotate injection sites to prevent tissue damage. Rotating injection sites helps prevent lipodystrophy (tissue damage) and ensures proper insulin absorption. Option B is incorrect because the angle of insulin injection varies depending on the patient's body composition. Injecting at a 90-degree angle is not always necessary. Option C is not the most crucial instruction; while storing insulin in the refrigerator is important, it is not the priority when teaching self-administration. Option D is also important for maintaining consistency but is not as critical as rotating injection sites to prevent tissue damage.
5. To best reduce the potential for risk, what type of atmosphere is needed to be developed?
- A. Nurse-focused
- B. Physician-focused
- C. Family-focused
- D. Patient-focused
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Patient-focused.' When aiming to reduce the potential for risk, it is essential to prioritize the needs and well-being of the patients. Creating a patient-focused atmosphere helps ensure that decisions and actions are made with the patients' best interests in mind. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because while nurses, physicians, and families play essential roles in healthcare, when it comes to reducing risks, the primary focus should be on the patients themselves.
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