a gerontologic nurse is teaching students about the high incidence and prevalence of dehydration in older adults what factors contribute to this pheno

ATI RN

ATI Fluid Electrolyte and Acid-Base Regulation

1. A gerontologic nurse is teaching students about the high incidence and prevalence of dehydration in older adults. What factors contribute to this phenomenon? Select all that do not apply.

A. Decreased kidney mass
B. Decreased renal blood flow
C. Decreased excretion of potassium
D. Increased conservation of sodium

Correct answer: D

Rationale:

2. . You are caring for a patient who has a diagnosis of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Your patients plan of care includes assessment of specific gravity every 4 hours. The results of this test will allow the nurse to as

A. Nutritional status
B. Potassium balance
C. Calcium balance
D. Fluid volume status

Correct answer: D

Rationale:

3. Which of the following is not considered an extracellular fluid?

A. Cerebrospinal fluid
B. The humors of the eye
C. Lymph
D. Cerebrospinal fluid and the humors of the eye

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Cerebrospinal fluid and the humors of the eye are not considered extracellular fluids. Extracellular fluids are fluids found outside the cells, such as interstitial fluid and lymph. Cerebrospinal fluid is found within the central nervous system, while the humors of the eye (aqueous humor and vitreous humor) are located within the eyeball, making them distinct from extracellular fluids.

4. You are making initial shift assessments on your patients. While assessing one patients peripheral IV site, you note edema around the insertion site. How should you document this complication related to IV therapy?

A. Air emboli
B. Phlebitis
C. Infiltration
D. Fluid overload

Correct answer: C

Rationale:

5. Which substance dissociates into ions in a water solution?

A. Intracellular fluid
B. Interstitial fluid
C. Plasma
D. Electrolyte

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Electrolyte.' Electrolytes are substances that dissociate into ions when dissolved in water. Intracellular fluid, interstitial fluid, and plasma are not substances that dissociate into ions in a water solution. Intracellular fluid is the fluid inside cells, interstitial fluid is the fluid between cells, and plasma is the liquid component of blood. These choices do not dissociate into ions in a water solution, unlike electrolytes.