Nursing Elites

1. A combined Apgar score of __________ indicates that the infant is in good physical condition.

• A. less than 3
• B. 3 or 4
• C. 5 or 6
• D. 7 or better

Correct answer: D

Rationale: A combined Apgar score of 7 or better indicates that the infant is in good physical condition. The Apgar score is a quick assessment of a newborn's overall health shortly after birth. It evaluates the baby's heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflexes, and color. A score of 7 or higher indicates that the baby is adjusting well to life outside the womb. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they represent scores that indicate the infant may need medical attention or assistance as they are below the threshold of 7 which signifies good physical condition.

2. As a generation, the baby boomers are __________ than any previous mid- or late-life cohort.

• A. healthier, but less educated
• B. more educated, but less wealthy
• C. more self-focused, but less healthy
• D. healthier, better educated, and financially better off Answer: D Page Ref: 13 Box: CULTURAL INFLUENCES: The Baby Boomers Reshape the Life Course Skill Level: Remember Topic: The Lifespan Perspective: A Balanced Point of View Difficulty Level: Moderate

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The baby boomers are healthier, better educated, and financially better off than any previous mid- or late-life cohort. This generation has generally enjoyed higher levels of education, advancements in healthcare, and increased economic opportunities, leading to improved overall well-being compared to earlier generations.

3. A major strength of the information-processing approach to development is its commitment to __________.

• A. the study of imagination
• B. flexible case study interviews
• C. rigorous research methods
• D. disproving other developmental theories

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The major strength of the information-processing approach to development is its commitment to rigorous research methods. This approach emphasizes systematic observation, measurement, and experimentation to study cognitive development in individuals. By using rigorous research methods, researchers can gather reliable and valid data to better understand how information is processed in the human mind. This commitment to methodological rigor enhances the credibility and validity of the conclusions drawn within the information-processing approach to development. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the information-processing approach focuses on empirical research methods rather than the study of imagination, case study interviews, or disproving other developmental theories.

4. Which factor fosters a more positive, coherent early self-concept?

• A. Permissive parenting
• B. A warm, sensitive parent-child relationship
• C. Authoritarian parenting
• D. Strong identification with an other-sex parent

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A warm, sensitive parent-child relationship is crucial in fostering a positive and coherent early self-concept in children. This type of relationship provides support, security, and emotional guidance, helping children develop a strong sense of self-worth and self-identity. Permissive parenting (Choice A) may lead to confusion and inconsistency in discipline, impacting the child's self-concept negatively. Authoritarian parenting (Choice C), characterized by strict rules and a lack of warmth, can result in a child feeling insecure and having a negative self-concept. Strong identification with an other-sex parent (Choice D) may influence gender identity development but may not directly impact the early self-concept in the same way a warm and sensitive parent-child relationship does.

5. What is the longest stage of labor?

• A. Delivery of the baby
• B. Delivery of the placenta
• C. Dilation and effacement of the cervix
• D. Release of epinephrine and cortisol

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Dilation and effacement of the cervix. This stage can last for hours, especially for first-time mothers, as the cervix needs to dilate and efface to allow for the baby's passage through the birth canal. Once the cervix is fully dilated and effaced, the woman can begin pushing during the second stage of labor to deliver the baby. The delivery of the baby itself is usually a shorter process compared to the time taken for the cervix to dilate and efface. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they represent other stages within the labor process that come after the dilation and effacement of the cervix.

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