ATI RN
ATI Medical Surgical Proctored Exam
1. During an acute asthma attack in a client with asthma, what medication should the nurse administer first?
- A. Oral corticosteroids
- B. Short-acting beta agonist
- C. Leukotriene receptor antagonist
- D. Long-acting beta agonist
Correct answer: B
Rationale: During an acute asthma attack, the priority is to quickly relieve bronchospasm and improve breathing. Short-acting beta agonists, like albuterol, are the first-line medications as they rapidly relax bronchial muscles, providing immediate relief. Oral corticosteroids are used as adjunct therapy to reduce airway inflammation over time, while leukotriene receptor antagonists and long-acting beta agonists are not appropriate for immediate relief during an acute attack.
2. A community health nurse is conducting a class on what to expect during pregnancy. What instruction should the nurse include on weight gain?
- A. Failure to obtain the required weight gain during pregnancy will increase the risk of preterm birth.
- B. An obese client should not gain as much weight as a client with a normal body mass index.
- C. A client with a normal body mass index should plan on gaining 50 pounds.
- D. Clients do not need to eat for two when they are pregnant.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Adequate weight gain during pregnancy is essential as failure to obtain the required weight gain can increase the risk of preterm birth. Choice B is incorrect because it is important for obese clients to gain an appropriate amount of weight during pregnancy, not the same as those with a normal body mass index. Choice C is incorrect as gaining 50 pounds for a client with a normal body mass index is excessive. Choice D is incorrect as the common saying 'eating for two' during pregnancy is a misconception; pregnant individuals do not need to double their caloric intake.
3. A nurse is caring for a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) who is at risk for anemia. What is the most appropriate intervention to address this risk?
- A. Administering iron supplements
- B. Administering blood transfusions
- C. Providing a high-iron diet
- D. Administering erythropoietin
Correct answer: D
Rationale: In myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), the bone marrow does not produce enough healthy blood cells, leading to conditions such as anemia. Administering erythropoietin is an effective intervention to manage anemia in MDS patients because it stimulates the production of red blood cells. This can help improve the patient’s hemoglobin levels, reducing symptoms such as fatigue and weakness associated with anemia. Erythropoietin is commonly used in MDS to enhance red blood cell production and reduce the need for frequent blood transfusions.
4. Which best describes the impact of social support on health?
- A. It enhances recovery and improves outcomes.
- B. It provides emotional and practical support.
- C. It reduces stress and promotes well-being.
- D. It improves adherence to treatment plans.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Social support provides emotional and practical support, which can enhance recovery, improve outcomes, and promote well-being.
5. A client has a new diagnosis of tuberculosis and has been placed on a multi-medication regimen. Which of the following instructions should the nurse give the client related to ethambutol?
- A. Your urine can turn a dark orange.
- B. Watch for a change in the sclera of your eyes.
- C. Watch for any changes in vision.
- D. Take vitamin B6 daily.
Correct answer: C: Watch for any changes in vision.
Rationale: Ethambutol is associated with potential vision changes, including optic neuritis. Patients should be instructed to report any visual disturbances immediately to prevent permanent vision loss. Monitoring for changes in vision is crucial to detect any adverse effects early on and prevent serious complications.
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