Nursing Elites

1. Patients with congestive heart failure need to restrict their intake of:

• A. fiber
• B. sodium
• C. cholesterol
• D. saturated fat

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Patients with congestive heart failure need to restrict their intake of sodium. This restriction is crucial to prevent fluid retention, which can exacerbate the condition. While fiber is generally beneficial for heart health, sodium restriction is more critical in this scenario. Cholesterol and saturated fat intake should also be monitored, but sodium restriction takes precedence due to its direct impact on fluid balance.

2. People with only one arm or hand may benefit from using a ____ when eating?

• A. dish with suction cups
• B. rocker knife
• C. utensil holder
• D. flexible straw

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A rocker knife is specifically designed for individuals with limited use of one hand or arm, allowing them to cut food easily. This makes it a suitable option for people with only one arm or hand. Choice A, a dish with suction cups, may not directly aid in cutting food with one hand. Choice C, an utensil holder, is not typically used for cutting food. Choice D, a flexible straw, is more related to drinking liquids and not specifically designed to assist in cutting food one-handed.

3. A nurse is instructing a group of clients about nutrition. The nurse should include that which of the following is a trigger for the formation of vitamin D in the body?

• A. Calcium
• B. Vitamin A depletion
• C. Exposure to sunlight
• D. Weight-bearing exercise

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Exposure to sunlight is the trigger for the formation of vitamin D in the body. When the skin is exposed to sunlight, it produces vitamin D. This process is essential for maintaining healthy levels of vitamin D in the body. Calcium (Choice A) is important for bone health but is not the trigger for vitamin D formation. Vitamin A depletion (Choice B) does not directly trigger the formation of vitamin D. Weight-bearing exercise (Choice D) is crucial for bone health but is not directly related to the formation of vitamin D.

4. When assessing older adult clients for malnutrition at an adult day care center, which risk factors should the nurse consider?

• A. Dental problems
• B. Depression
• C. Both A and B
• D. Ability to prepare meals

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Both A and B. Dental problems and depression are both significant risk factors for malnutrition in older adults. Dental problems can lead to difficulty in chewing and swallowing, resulting in reduced food intake. On the other hand, depression can cause changes in appetite and decreased interest in eating, which can also contribute to malnutrition. Although the ability to prepare meals is important, it is not specifically identified as a risk factor for malnutrition within the context of this question. Therefore, choices A and B are the most appropriate answers.

5. An essential nutrient must:

• A. be eaten every day
• B. be obtained by the diet
• C. be water soluble
• D. be eaten at every meal

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'be obtained by the diet.' Essential nutrients are those that the body cannot synthesize in sufficient quantities and must therefore be obtained through the diet. Choice A is incorrect because not all essential nutrients need to be consumed daily; the frequency of consumption varies. Choice C is incorrect because not all essential nutrients are water-soluble; they can be water-soluble or fat-soluble. Choice D is incorrect because essential nutrients do not need to be consumed at every meal, but rather need to be included in the overall diet regularly.

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