ATI RN
ATI Medical Surgical Proctored Exam
1. A client is going to be admitted for a scheduled surgical procedure. Which action does the nurse explain is the most important thing the client can do to protect against errors?
- A. Bring a list of all medications and their purposes.
- B. Keep the doctor's phone number close by.
- C. Ensure all providers wash their hands before entering the room.
- D. Document the name of each caregiver who enters the room.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The most important action a client can take to protect against errors is to bring a list of all medications and their purposes. This helps ensure that the healthcare team has accurate information about the client's medications, reducing the risk of medication errors, which are the most common type of healthcare mistake. Knowing the medications and their purposes can also aid in preventing drug interactions and adverse effects during the surgical procedure.
2. A nurse is caring for a client who has cirrhosis and a new prescription for lactulose. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following therapeutic effects of this medication?
- A. Improved mental status.
- B. Increased urine output.
- C. Decreased serum ammonia.
- D. Decreased bilirubin levels.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Decreased serum ammonia. Lactulose is prescribed to decrease serum ammonia levels in clients with cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy. By reducing serum ammonia, lactulose helps improve the mental status of these clients. Therefore, monitoring for decreased serum ammonia is crucial to assess the effectiveness of lactulose therapy. Choice A (Improved mental status) is indirectly related as it is the desired outcome of decreasing ammonia levels. Choices B (Increased urine output) and D (Decreased bilirubin levels) are not directly associated with the therapeutic effects of lactulose in cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy.
3. When documenting an incorrect dose of medication administered, which fact related to the incident report should the nurse document in the client's medical record?
- A. Time the medication was given
- B. The client's response to the medication
- C. The dose that was administered
- D. Reason for the error
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The nurse should document the time the medication was given in the client's medical record when an incorrect dose is administered. Recording the time is crucial for establishing the sequence of events accurately. Choices B, C, and D, though important, are not directly relevant to documenting the incident of administering an incorrect dose of medication. The client's response to the medication, the actual dose administered, and the reason for the error may be documented for overall patient care but are not specifically required in the incident report for an incorrect dose.
4. Most adults with human immunodeficiency virus will exhibit which of the following laboratory values?
- A. Higher than normal number of CD4+ T-cells and CD8+ T-cells are normal
- B. Lower than normal number of CD4+ T-cells and higher than normal CD8+ T-cells
- C. Higher than normal number of CD4+ T-cells and CD8+ T-cells are low
- D. Lower than normal number of CD4+ T-cells and CD8+ T-cells are normal
Correct answer: Lower than normal number of CD4+ T-cells and CD8+ T-cells are normal
Rationale:
5. An older adult patient has just sheared the skin on her elbow while attempting to boost herself up in bed, an event that has precipitated acute inflammation in the region surrounding the wound. Which of the following events will occur during the vascular stage of the patient's inflammation?
- A. Outpouring of exudate into interstitial spaces
- B. Chemotaxis
- C. Accumulation of leukocytes along epithelium
- D. Phagocytosis of cellular debris
Correct answer: A
Rationale: During the vascular stage of inflammation, there is an outpouring of exudate into the interstitial spaces, leading to swelling and edema. Choice B, chemotaxis, occurs during the cellular stage of inflammation, where leukocytes move to the site of injury in response to chemical signals. Choice C, accumulation of leukocytes along the epithelium, is not a typical event during the vascular stage. Phagocytosis of cellular debris, as in choice D, mainly occurs during the resolution stage of inflammation.
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