ATI RN
Growth and Development Exam
1. A 20-week-old fetus can __________.
- A. be stimulated as well as irritated by sounds
- B. survive, if born early
- C. breathe without oxygen assistance, if born early
- D. control its own body temperature Answer: A Page Ref: 80 Skill Level: Understand Topic: Prenatal Development Difficulty Level: Moderate
Correct answer: A
Rationale: A 20-week-old fetus is able to be stimulated as well as irritated by sounds because by this stage of prenatal development, the fetus's auditory system is already well-developed. It can respond to external sounds and may even startle or move in reaction to loud noises.
2. The information-processing perspective __________.
- A. examines separate aspects of thinking
- B. fails to consider biological influences on cognitive development
- C. applies only to children in cultures having formal schooling
- D. focuses on overall cognitive change
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The information-processing perspective focuses on how individuals process, store, and retrieve information. Choice A, 'examines separate aspects of thinking,' accurately reflects this perspective. The other choices are incorrect. Choice B is incorrect because the information-processing perspective does consider biological influences on cognitive development. Choice C is incorrect as this perspective is not limited to children in cultures with formal schooling. Choice D is incorrect as the information-processing perspective does not focus on overall cognitive change, but rather on the specific processes involved in information processing.
3. Spatial skills __________.
- A. increase exponentially in early childhood
- B. support children's improved executive function
- C. develop gradually over childhood and adolescence
- D. are typically housed in the left hemisphere
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Spatial skills develop gradually over childhood and adolescence, reflecting the increasing complexity of these abilities. Choice A is incorrect because spatial skills do not increase exponentially in early childhood but rather develop steadily. Choice B is incorrect as spatial skills are not directly linked to executive function. Choice D is incorrect because spatial skills are not typically housed in a specific hemisphere but involve a network of brain regions.
4. By age 2, children __________.
- A. take turns in face-to-face interaction
- B. can infer a speaker's indirectly expressed intention
- C. adjust their speech to fit the age of their listeners
- D. adjust their speech to fit the social status of their listeners
Correct answer: C
Rationale: By age 2, children are capable of adjusting their speech to fit the age of their listeners, showing early social cognition. Choice A is incorrect because taking turns in face-to-face interaction typically develops later in childhood. Choice B is incorrect as the ability to infer a speaker's indirectly expressed intention is a more advanced skill not typically seen at age 2. Choice D is also incorrect as children at age 2 are not developmentally ready to adjust their speech based on the social status of their listeners.
5. __________ parenting in particular is linked to emerging adults' psychological well-being.
- A. Overprotective
- B. Permissive
- C. Autonomy-supportive
- D. Helicopter
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Autonomy-supportive parenting, which encourages independence and decision-making skills, is positively linked to the psychological well-being of emerging adults. This style of parenting fosters resilience and self-esteem. Overprotective parenting (choice A) may hinder the development of autonomy and problem-solving abilities, leading to increased anxiety. Permissive parenting (choice B) lacks structure and limits, potentially resulting in difficulties with self-regulation. Helicopter parenting (choice D) involves excessive intervention and control, which can impede the development of self-reliance and confidence.
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