a 20 week old fetus can

ATI RN

Growth and Development Exam

1. A 20-week-old fetus can __________.

A. be stimulated as well as irritated by sounds
B. survive, if born early
C. breathe without oxygen assistance, if born early
D. control its own body temperature Answer: A Page Ref: 80 Skill Level: Understand Topic: Prenatal Development Difficulty Level: Moderate

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A 20-week-old fetus is able to be stimulated as well as irritated by sounds because by this stage of prenatal development, the fetus's auditory system is already well-developed. It can respond to external sounds and may even startle or move in reaction to loud noises.

2. What is one challenge associated with longitudinal research?

A. It does not allow for inferences about cause-and-effect relationships.
B. Participants may relocate or drop out of the study.
C. Findings may not be applicable to real-world scenarios.
D. It does not allow for the examination of individual developmental patterns.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: One challenge associated with longitudinal research is that participants may relocate or drop out of the study over time. This can result in missing data and potential biases in the findings, impacting the study's overall validity and reliability. Furthermore, it can present difficulties for researchers in accurately monitoring and analyzing changes in individuals over an extended period. Options A, C, and D are incorrect because longitudinal research can indeed allow for inferences about cause-and-effect relationships, findings can be generalized to the real world with appropriate design and sampling, and it is suitable for studying individual developmental patterns.

3. Ecological systems theory views the person as __________.

A. a blossoming flower whose development is a genetically determined series of events that unfold automatically
B. developing within a complex system of relationships affected by multiple levels of the surrounding environment
C. a social being influenced primarily by observational learning or adult modeling
D. a computer-like system that actively codes, transforms, and organizes information

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Ecological systems theory views the person as developing within a complex system of relationships affected by multiple levels of the surrounding environment. This perspective emphasizes the interconnectedness of individuals with their social and physical environment, recognizing that development is influenced by various factors interacting at different levels of the ecological system. Choice A is incorrect because it describes a genetically determined development process, which is not the focus of ecological systems theory. Choice C is incorrect because it highlights observational learning as the primary influence on development, neglecting the broader environmental factors. Choice D is incorrect as it compares the person to a computer system, which does not align with the principles of ecological systems theory.

4. Among preschoolers, __________ contributes to gains in emotional self-regulation.

A. permissive child rearing
B. authoritarian child rearing
C. language
D. family size

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Corrected Rationale: Language development plays a crucial role in emotional self-regulation in preschoolers. It enables children to express and manage their emotions effectively. Choices A and B, permissive and authoritarian child rearing styles, focus more on the parenting approach rather than the child's intrinsic development. Family size, as mentioned in choice D, does not directly contribute to gains in emotional self-regulation.

5. Which expectant mother has the greatest risk of a baby born with fetal alcohol syndrome?

A. Chloe, a Caucasian American
B. Latima, an African American
C. Yvonne, a Native American
D. Ming, an Asian American Answer: C Page Ref: 85 Skill Level: Apply known or suspected teratogens. Topic: Prenatal Environmental Influences Difficulty Level: Moderate

Correct answer: C

Rationale: According to research, Native American populations have the highest prevalence of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) in the United States. This increased risk is due to various social, cultural, and environmental factors within Native American communities.