Nursing Elites

1. A 20-week-old fetus can __________.

• A. be stimulated as well as irritated by sounds
• B. survive, if born early
• C. breathe without oxygen assistance, if born early
• D. control its own body temperature Answer: A Page Ref: 80 Skill Level: Understand Topic: Prenatal Development Difficulty Level: Moderate

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A 20-week-old fetus is able to be stimulated as well as irritated by sounds because by this stage of prenatal development, the fetus's auditory system is already well-developed. It can respond to external sounds and may even startle or move in reaction to loud noises.

2. When classmates are asked to rate each other's likability, __________ children get many positive votes, whereas __________ children are seldom mentioned.

• A. popular; neglected
• B. neglected; rejected
• C. popular; rejected
• D. controversial; neglected

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'popular; neglected.' Popular children are well-liked by their peers, hence they receive many positive votes. Neglected children, on the other hand, are often overlooked or ignored, resulting in them being seldom mentioned. Choice B is incorrect because neglected and rejected have different meanings. Choice C is incorrect as popular and rejected do not align with the likability context provided in the question. Choice D is incorrect as controversial does not directly relate to likability in the context of the question.

3. Professor Higgins is concerned about the findings of a longitudinal study on childhood depression that she conducted between 1985 and 2015 in New York because many of the participants witnessed the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center. Professor Higgins is concerned about __________ effects.

• A. practice
• B. cross-sectional
• C. dropout
• D. cohort

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The concern Professor Higgins has regarding the findings of the longitudinal study is related to cohort effects. Cohort effects occur when a specific group of individuals experience a common event or circumstance that could influence the results of a study. In this case, the participants witnessing the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center could have had a significant impact on their development and mental health outcomes, leading to cohort effects observed in the study. Choice A, 'practice,' is incorrect as it refers to the repeated performance of an activity to improve skill. Choice B, 'cross-sectional,' is incorrect as it involves data collection at a single point in time. Choice C, 'dropout,' is incorrect as it refers to participants leaving a study prematurely.

4. What is one strength of the cross-sectional design?

• A. It provides evidence about individual trends.
• B. It cannot be threatened by cohort effects.
• C. It is not plagued with dropout or practice effects.
• D. It permits longitudinal comparisons. Answer: C Page Ref: 34 Skill Level: Understand Topic: Studying Development Difficulty Level: Moderate

Correct answer: C

Rationale: One strength of the cross-sectional design is that it is not plagued with dropout or practice effects. This is because cross-sectional studies assess different individuals at the same point in time, eliminating the risk of participants dropping out or improving due to repeated measures.

5. What increases from early to middle adulthood?

• A. Possible selves
• B. Self-doubt
• C. Destructiveness
• D. Autonomy

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Possible selves are ideas about what one might become in the future, which increase during the transition from early to middle adulthood. This period is characterized by individuals exploring and considering different potential future selves. Self-doubt (choice B) typically decreases as individuals become more confident and self-assured in middle adulthood. Destructiveness (choice C) is not a common developmental trend during this period. Autonomy (choice D) is a concept related to independence and self-governance, which may develop over a person's lifespan but does not specifically increase during the transition from early to middle adulthood.

Similar Questions