a 20 week old fetus can

ATI RN

Growth and Development Exam

1. A 20-week-old fetus can __________.

A. be stimulated as well as irritated by sounds
B. survive, if born early
C. breathe without oxygen assistance, if born early
D. control its own body temperature Answer: A Page Ref: 80 Skill Level: Understand Topic: Prenatal Development Difficulty Level: Moderate

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A 20-week-old fetus is able to be stimulated as well as irritated by sounds because by this stage of prenatal development, the fetus's auditory system is already well-developed. It can respond to external sounds and may even startle or move in reaction to loud noises.

2. Recent evidence suggests that paternal alcohol use around the time of conception __________.

A. can alter gene expression
B. can cause fetal alcohol syndrome
C. is linked to blood vessel abnormalities
D. has no negative effect on the developing organism

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Recent evidence suggests that paternal alcohol use around the time of conception can alter gene expression. This means that paternal alcohol consumption can potentially impact the genes and genetic materials passed on to offspring, affecting their development and health. Choice B is incorrect because fetal alcohol syndrome is typically associated with maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy, not paternal alcohol use around conception. Choice C is incorrect as there is no direct link between paternal alcohol use and blood vessel abnormalities. Choice D is incorrect as paternal alcohol use can indeed have negative effects on the developing organism, particularly through altering gene expression.

3. In egalitarian marriages, __________.

A. there is a clear division of roles
B. partners share power and authority
C. the husband is the head of the household
D. the wife is responsible for family economic well-being

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In egalitarian marriages, the correct answer is B - partners share power and authority. This type of marriage promotes equality and balance, where both spouses have an equal say in decision-making and share responsibilities. Choice A is incorrect because egalitarian marriages aim to reduce traditional role divisions. Choice C is incorrect as it suggests a patriarchal structure, which is contrary to the principles of egalitarianism. Choice D is incorrect as it assigns a specific financial role based on gender, which goes against the idea of equal sharing in all aspects of the marriage.

4. What is one challenge associated with longitudinal research?

A. It does not allow for inferences about cause-and-effect relationships.
B. Participants may relocate or drop out of the study.
C. Findings may not be applicable to real-world scenarios.
D. It does not allow for the examination of individual developmental patterns.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: One challenge associated with longitudinal research is that participants may relocate or drop out of the study over time. This can result in missing data and potential biases in the findings, impacting the study's overall validity and reliability. Furthermore, it can present difficulties for researchers in accurately monitoring and analyzing changes in individuals over an extended period. Options A, C, and D are incorrect because longitudinal research can indeed allow for inferences about cause-and-effect relationships, findings can be generalized to the real world with appropriate design and sampling, and it is suitable for studying individual developmental patterns.

5. In an investigation of over 120,000 New York City births, babies born even 1 to 2 weeks early __________ than children who experienced a full-length prenatal period.

A. showed lower reading and math scores at a third-grade follow-up
B. were less likely to suffer from childhood obesity
C. were less likely to suffer from neurological impairments
D. showed higher language and social/emotional scores in early childhood

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In the investigation of over 120,000 New York City births, babies born even 1 to 2 weeks early showed lower reading and math scores at a third-grade follow-up compared to children who experienced a full-length prenatal period. This suggests that being born slightly premature can have an impact on cognitive development, leading to educational challenges later on. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the study specifically highlighted lower reading and math scores, not a reduced likelihood of suffering from childhood obesity or neurological impairments, or improved language and social/emotional scores in early childhood.