a 20 week old fetus can
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Nursing Elites

ATI RN

Growth and Development Exam

1. A 20-week-old fetus can __________.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A 20-week-old fetus is able to be stimulated as well as irritated by sounds because by this stage of prenatal development, the fetus's auditory system is already well-developed. It can respond to external sounds and may even startle or move in reaction to loud noises.

2. Newborn infants who are brain damaged or who have experienced birth trauma often __________.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Newborn infants who are brain damaged or who have experienced birth trauma often display disturbed REM-NREM sleep cycles. This disruption in the sleep cycle can be a sign of neurological issues and can impact the newborn's overall health and development. Choice B is incorrect because infants with brain damage or birth trauma may actually cry more due to their discomfort or neurological issues. Choice C is incorrect because spending about 20 percent of total sleep time in REM sleep is not necessarily specific to brain-damaged or birth-traumatized infants. Choice D is incorrect because having very low or inaudible cries is not a common characteristic associated with brain damage or birth trauma in infants.

3. Dr. Torrez believes that how conflicts between biological drives and social expectations are resolved determines the person's ability to learn, to get along with others, and to cope with anxiety. Dr. Torrez accepts the __________.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Dr. Torrez's belief about conflicts between biological drives and social expectations influencing a person's ability to learn, get along with others, and cope with anxiety aligns with the psychoanalytic perspective. This perspective, developed by Sigmund Freud, focuses on the unconscious mind, early childhood experiences, and the resolution of inner conflicts as important factors in shaping personality and behavior. The other choices are incorrect because psychosocial theory, cognitive-developmental theory, and social learning theory do not specifically focus on conflicts between biological drives and social expectations as central to understanding human behavior and development.

4. Infants engage in __________ by actively seeking emotional information from a trusted person in an uncertain situation.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'social referencing.' Social referencing is a behavior where infants seek emotional information from a trusted person, usually a caregiver, to determine how to respond in uncertain situations. This process helps infants regulate their emotions and behaviors based on the cues they receive from the trusted individual. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because self-control, give-and-take, and emotional self-regulation do not specifically involve seeking emotional information from others in uncertain situations, as social referencing does.

5. Under ethical standards, when is deception permitted in research studies?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Ethical standards permit deception in research studies if investigators satisfy institutional review boards that such practices are necessary. Institutional review boards are responsible for ensuring that research studies comply with ethical guidelines and protect the welfare of study participants. Deception should only be used when necessary, and the board's approval indicates that safeguards are in place to minimize harm to participants. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because ethical deception in research studies is not based on the age of participants, observing from behind mirrors, or obtaining informed consent without revealing the study's real purpose.

Similar Questions

Fetal monitoring is __________.
The harm done by teratogens __________.
In a structured observation, each participant has an equal opportunity to display the behavior of interest because the researcher designs a specific set of conditions or tasks for all participants to engage in, providing a standardized environment for observation.
Which statement describes a limitation of the clinical method?
According to __________ theory, children learn primarily through modeling.

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