you are an emergency room nurse caring for a trauma patient your patient has the following arterial blood gas results ph 726 paco2 28 hco3 11 meql ho

ATI RN

ATI Fluid Electrolyte and Acid-Base Regulation

1. You are an emergency-room nurse caring for a trauma patient. Your patient has the following arterial blood gas results: pH 7.26, PaCO2 28, HCO3 11 mEq/L. How would you interpret these results?

A. Respiratory acidosis with no compensation
B. Metabolic alkalosis with a compensatory alkalosis
C. Metabolic acidosis with no compensation
D. Metabolic acidosis with a compensatory respiratory alkalosis

Correct answer: D

Rationale:

2. . A 73-year-old man comes into the emergency department (ED) by ambulance after slipping on a small carpet in his home. The patient fell on his hip with a resultant fracture. He is alert and oriented; his pupils are equal and reactive to light and accommodation. His heart rate is elevated, he is anxious and thirsty, a Foley catheter is placed, and 40 mL of urine is present. What is the nurses most likely explanation for the low urine output?

A. The man urinated prior to his arrival to the ED and will probably not need to have the Foley catheter kept in place.
B. The man likely has a traumatic brain injury, lacks antidiuretic hormone (ADH), and needs vasopressin.
C. The man is experiencing symptoms of heart failure and is releasing atrial natriuretic peptide that results in decreased urine output.
D. The man is having a sympathetic reaction, which has stimulated the reninangiotensinaldosterone system that results in diminished urine output.

Correct answer: D

Rationale:

3. A nurse is caring for a client who has just had a central venous access line inserted. Which action should the nurse take next?

A. Begin the prescribed infusion via the new access
B. Ensure an x-ray is completed to confirm placement.
C. Check medication calculations with a second RN.
D. Make sure the solution is appropriate for a central line

Correct answer: B

Rationale:

4. What is the main force that pushes fluid in blood capillaries?

A. Blood pressure.
B. Sodium in the blood plasma.
C. Sodium in the interstitial fluid.
D. Protein in the blood plasma.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, blood pressure. Blood pressure is the primary force that pushes fluid out of the capillaries into the surrounding tissues. This pressure difference is essential for the exchange of nutrients, gases, and waste products between the blood and tissues. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not represent the primary force responsible for pushing fluid in blood capillaries.

5. The renin and angiotensin systems help to maintain the balance of sodium and water in the body. What other functions do these systems serve?

A. Regulating hemoglobin levels
B. Maintaining a healthy blood volume
C. Releasing platelets when tissues are injured
D. Lowering blood volumes

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Maintaining a healthy blood volume. The renin and angiotensin systems not only help to regulate sodium and water balance in the body but also play a crucial role in maintaining an adequate blood volume. This is essential for normal blood pressure regulation and overall cardiovascular health. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because hemoglobin levels are primarily regulated by the bone marrow and erythropoietin, platelets are released in response to blood vessel injury by a different mechanism, and the systems do not focus on lowering blood volumes but rather on maintaining them.