ATI RN
ATI Fluid Electrolyte and Acid-Base Regulation
1. You are an emergency-room nurse caring for a trauma patient. Your patient has the following arterial blood gas results: pH 7.26, PaCO2 28, HCO3 11 mEq/L. How would you interpret these results?
- A. Respiratory acidosis with no compensation
- B. Metabolic alkalosis with a compensatory alkalosis
- C. Metabolic acidosis with no compensation
- D. Metabolic acidosis with a compensatory respiratory alkalosis
Correct answer: D
Rationale:
2. The healthcare professional working in the PACU is aware that which of the following procedures may contribute to extracellular losses?
- A. Removal of an ingrown toenail
- B. Tooth extraction
- C. Abdominal surgery
- D. Cataract surgery
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Fluid loss from the extracellular compartment can be caused by abdominal surgery as it involves opening the abdominal cavity, potentially leading to significant fluid losses. Choices A, B, and D do not typically result in substantial extracellular losses compared to abdominal surgery.
3. What is the function of aldosterone?
- A. Regulates body temperature.
- B. Decreases blood pressure.
- C. Increases sodium reabsorption.
- D. Promotes water excretion.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Aldosterone increases the reabsorption of sodium in the kidneys, which leads to an increase in blood volume and blood pressure. Choice A is incorrect as aldosterone does not regulate body temperature. Choice B is incorrect as aldosterone increases blood pressure by increasing sodium reabsorption. Choice D is incorrect as aldosterone promotes water retention by increasing sodium reabsorption.
4. A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing excessive diarrhea. The clients arterial blood gas values are pH 7.28, PaO2 98 mm Hg, PaCO2 45 mm Hg, and HCO3 16 mEq/L. Which provider order should the nurse expect to receive?
- A. Furosemide (Lasix) 40 mg intravenous push
- B. Sodium bicarbonate 100 mEq diluted in 1 L of D5W
- C. Mechanical ventilation
- D. Indwelling urinary catheter
Correct answer: B
Rationale:
5. The nurse is caring for a patient who is diaphoretic from a fever. The amount of sodium excreted in the urine will:
- A. Decrease
- B. Increase
- C. Remain unchanged
- D. Fluctuate
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Increased sweating (diaphoresis) causes the loss of sodium and other electrolytes from the body. As a result, the body tries to conserve sodium, leading to a decrease in the amount of sodium excreted in the urine. Choice B is incorrect because increased sweating results in sodium loss, not retention. Choice C is incorrect because with increased sweating, there is a need to conserve sodium, leading to a decrease in its excretion. Choice D is incorrect as there is a clear physiological response to sweating that results in a more consistent decrease in sodium excretion.
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