ATI RN
ATI RN Custom Exams Set 4
1. Who is at higher risk for drug-nutrient interactions?
- A. Infants
- B. People with diabetes
- C. Women of childbearing age
- D. Older men and women
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Older men and women are at higher risk for drug-nutrient interactions due to factors such as polypharmacy and physiological changes. Polypharmacy, common in older adults, increases the likelihood of interactions between drugs and nutrients. Physiological changes that occur with aging can affect how drugs and nutrients are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted in the body. Infants, people with diabetes, and women of childbearing age are not typically considered high-risk groups for drug-nutrient interactions compared to older adults.
2. What is the FIRST step in providing health care for a patient?
- A. Obtain and interpret vital signs
- B. Determine the needs of the patient
- C. Develop a plan of care
- D. Obtain lab work and x-rays
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct first step in providing health care for a patient is to determine the needs of the patient. Understanding the patient's requirements, concerns, and medical history is crucial before proceeding with any further steps. Option A, 'Obtain and interpret vital signs,' may be necessary but typically follows assessing the patient's needs. Option C, 'Develop a plan of care,' comes after identifying the patient's needs. Option D, 'Obtain lab work and x-rays,' is usually done based on the patient's needs and the developed plan of care, making it a later step in the process.
3. Which potential complication should the nurse assess for in the client with infective endocarditis who has embolization of vegetative lesions from the mitral valve?
- A. Pulmonary embolism
- B. Decreased urine output
- C. Hemoptysis
- D. Deep vein thrombosis
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Decreased urine output.' Embolization of vegetative lesions from the mitral valve can cause renal infarction, leading to a decrease in urine output. This complication is due to the obstruction of blood flow to the kidneys. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because embolization from the mitral valve typically does not directly cause pulmonary embolism, hemoptysis, or deep vein thrombosis.
4. What is the correct amount of specimen to collect when collecting a stool specimen for testing purposes?
- A. The nurse scoop the specimen specifically at the site
- B. She took around 1 inch of specimen or a teaspoonful
- C. Ask the client to call her for the specimen after the
- D. Ask the client to defecate in a bedpan, Secure a
Correct answer: B
Rationale: When collecting a stool specimen, the nurse should usually take about 1 inch of the specimen or a teaspoonful for testing purposes. This amount is sufficient for laboratory analysis and helps ensure accurate results. It is important for the nurse to follow the proper procedure for specimen collection to maintain accuracy in diagnostic testing. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not provide the correct information on the amount of specimen needed for stool specimen collection.
5. A patient with a history of peptic ulcer disease should avoid which medication?
- A. Acetaminophen
- B. Antacids
- C. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- D. Antihistamines
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Patients with a history of peptic ulcer disease should avoid nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) because they can worsen peptic ulcers. NSAIDs inhibit the production of prostaglandins, which help protect the stomach lining. Acetaminophen (Choice A) is a safer alternative for pain relief in patients with peptic ulcers. Antacids (Choice B) can actually help in symptom relief by neutralizing stomach acid. Antihistamines (Choice D) are not known to worsen peptic ulcers and are generally safe for use in patients with this condition.