Nursing Elites

1. __________, especially, are more insistent that __________ conform to gender roles.

• A. Mothers; boys
• B. Mothers; girls
• C. Fathers; girls
• D. Fathers; boys

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'Fathers; boys.' The extract provided indicates that fathers are particularly insistent that boys adhere to traditional gender roles, emphasizing masculinity. This is a common stereotype where fathers often push their sons to conform to societal expectations of masculinity. Choices A and B are incorrect because the extract specifies fathers, not mothers. Choice C is incorrect as it pairs fathers with girls, which is not supported by the provided information.

2. Students who are foreign-born or first-generation Americans _______ than students of native-born parents.

• A. are more likely to commit delinquent and violent acts
• B. are more likely to be obese
• C. often achieve in school as well as or better
• D. tend to report lower self-esteem

Correct answer: C

Rationale: According to the information provided in the text box 'CULTURAL INFLUENCES: Immigrant Youths: Adapting to a New Land' on page 32, students who are foreign-born or first-generation Americans often achieve in school as well as or better than students of native-born parents. This implies that they excel academically despite facing challenges related to cultural adaptation and assimilation. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the provided information specifically highlights the academic achievement of foreign-born or first-generation American students compared to students of native-born parents, not their likelihood of committing delinquent acts, obesity rates, or self-esteem levels.

3. According to psychosexual theory, what is crucial for healthy personality development?

• A. Children actively construct knowledge as they manipulate and explore the world.
• B. Directly observable events are the appropriate focus of psychological study.
• C. How parents manage their child's sexual and aggressive drives in the first few years.
• D. The ego makes a positive contribution to development, acquiring attitudes and skills.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: According to psychosexual theory, developed by Sigmund Freud, how parents manage their child's sexual and aggressive drives in the first few years is crucial for healthy personality development. This theory suggests that personality development is heavily influenced by a child's experiences during early stages of development, particularly related to handling sexual and aggressive impulses. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the core principles of psychosexual theory, which focuses on the importance of early childhood experiences, especially in the context of sexual and aggressive drives.

4. Lily weighed 8 pounds and was 21 inches long at birth. She was __________ than the average baby.

• A. heavier but shorter
• B. heavier and longer
• C. lighter but longer
• D. lighter and shorter

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Lily weighed 8 pounds and was 21 inches long at birth. Being both heavier and longer than average babies typically are at birth, Lily would be considered heavier and longer compared to the average baby. This makes choice B, 'heavier and longer,' the correct answer. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because Lily was not shorter or lighter than the average baby at birth.

5. Where does the male produce sperm, and where are these glands located?

• A. penis; scrotum
• B. scrotum; penis
• C. testes; penis
• D. testes; scrotum

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The male produces sperm in the testes, which are two glands located in the scrotum. The scrotum is the external sac that houses and protects the testes, allowing for optimal temperature regulation to support sperm production. Choice A is incorrect because sperm production does not occur in the penis. Choice B is incorrect because the scrotum houses the testes, not the penis. Choice C is incorrect because sperm is produced in the testes, not the penis.

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