Nursing Elites

1. __________, especially, are more insistent that __________ conform to gender roles.

• A. Mothers; boys
• B. Mothers; girls
• C. Fathers; girls
• D. Fathers; boys

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'Fathers; boys.' The extract provided indicates that fathers are particularly insistent that boys adhere to traditional gender roles, emphasizing masculinity. This is a common stereotype where fathers often push their sons to conform to societal expectations of masculinity. Choices A and B are incorrect because the extract specifies fathers, not mothers. Choice C is incorrect as it pairs fathers with girls, which is not supported by the provided information.

2. __________ theory was the first to stress the influence of the early parent‒child relationship on development.

• A. Darwin’s
• B. Freud’s
• C. Erikson’s
• D. Watson’s Answer: B Page Ref: 15 Skill Level: Remember Topic: Mid-Twentieth-Century Theories Difficulty Level: Easy

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Freud's theory was the first to stress the influence of the early parent‒child relationship on development. Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory emphasized the importance of the child's interactions with caregivers, particularly during the early stages of development, in shaping personality and behavior.

3. In the __________ period, teratogens rarely have any impact.

• A. germinal
• B. embryonic
• C. fetal
• D. prenatal

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In the germinal period of prenatal development, which lasts for about the first two weeks after fertilization, the developing organism is a zygote that has not yet implanted in the uterus. During this period, teratogens rarely have any impact because essential implantation and early cellular division processes are occurring. Teratogens are more likely to have significant effects during the later embryonic and fetal periods of development. Therefore, the correct answer is A. Choice B, embryonic period, is incorrect because teratogens have a higher likelihood of impacting development during this period. Choice C, fetal period, is also incorrect as teratogens can impact development during this stage as well. Choice D, prenatal, is a broad term encompassing the entire period of development from conception to birth and is not a specific developmental stage where teratogens have a minimal impact.

4. Piaget’s cognitive-developmental theory, information processing, and Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory all stress __________.

• A. nature over nurture
• B. changes in thinking
• C. unconscious motives and drives
• D. the effects of punishment and reinforcement on behavior Answer: B Page Ref: 26 Skill Level: Understand development. Topic: Comparing and Evaluating Theories Difficulty Level: Difficult

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Piaget’s cognitive-developmental theory, information processing, and Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory all stress changes in thinking. These theories focus on how cognitive abilities develop over time, emphasizing the growth and transformation of thinking processes rather than static traits or characteristics.

5. Where does the male produce sperm, and where are these glands located?

• A. penis; scrotum
• B. scrotum; penis
• C. testes; penis
• D. testes; scrotum

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The male produces sperm in the testes, which are two glands located in the scrotum. The scrotum is the external sac that houses and protects the testes, allowing for optimal temperature regulation to support sperm production. Choice A is incorrect because sperm production does not occur in the penis. Choice B is incorrect because the scrotum houses the testes, not the penis. Choice C is incorrect because sperm is produced in the testes, not the penis.

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