ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Proctored Exam
1. A provider prescribes phenobarbital for a client who has a seizure disorder. The medication has a long half-life of 4 days. How many times per day should the nurse expect to administer this medication?
- A. One
- B. Two
- C. Three
- D. Four
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Phenobarbital, with a long half-life of 4 days, remains at therapeutic levels in the body for an extended period. Due to this prolonged duration of action, the nurse should administer phenobarbital once a day to maintain a consistent therapeutic effect without the need for multiple daily doses. Administering the medication more than once a day would not be necessary and could increase the risk of side effects or toxicity. Therefore, the correct answer is to administer phenobarbital once a day.
2. Which of the following is not a therapeutic indication of bone marrow puncture?
- A. Analgesia
- B. Antibiotics
- C. Anaesthesia
- D. Inflammation
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Bone marrow puncture is not typically performed for analgesia purposes. It is primarily done for diagnostic or therapeutic reasons, such as obtaining a sample for testing, administering medications like antibiotics, providing anesthesia during the procedure, or treating conditions related to inflammation. Analgesia, which refers to pain relief, is not a direct therapeutic indication for bone marrow puncture.
3. What statement best describes Hirschsprung disease?
- A. The colon has an aganglionic segment.
- B. It results in frequent evacuation of solids, liquid, and gas.
- C. The neonate passes excessive amounts of meconium.
- D. It results in excessive peristaltic movements within the gastrointestinal tract.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Hirschsprung disease is characterized by the absence of ganglion cells in a segment of the colon, leading to a lack of peristalsis and obstruction. The other options do not accurately describe this condition.
4. A nurse is providing teaching about newborn care to a group of parents. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. You should not bathe your newborn every day.
- B. You should avoid covering your newborn with a heavy blanket during naps.
- C. You should expect your newborn's stools to be soft and yellow.
- D. You should keep your newborn's head elevated while they sleep.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'You should keep your newborn's head elevated while they sleep.' Keeping the newborn's head elevated while sleeping helps prevent conditions like sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Choice A is incorrect because newborns do not need to be bathed every day; it is recommended to bathe them 2-3 times a week. Choice B is incorrect as heavy blankets can increase the risk of suffocation for newborns. Choice C is incorrect as newborn stools are typically soft and yellow in color, not firm and light brown.
5. When assisting clients in changing their behavior, what would be the most effective approach?
- A. Counseling through the Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, and Arrange approach
- B. Encouraging them to interact with others who also need to change their behavior
- C. Showing them how the inappropriate behavior is hurting their friends and family
- D. Using subtle rewards when small steps are taken toward the appropriate behavior
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The most effective approach in helping clients to change their behavior is to utilize the Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, and Arrange approach. This comprehensive counseling strategy is commonly employed in various programs, such as smoking cessation, to guide individuals through behavior change by systematically addressing their needs and providing support at each stage of the process.
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