ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Proctored Exam
1. A client has a new prescription for Furosemide. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Take this medication at bedtime.
- B. Avoid eating foods high in potassium.
- C. Change positions slowly.
- D. Take this medication with meals.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct instruction to include when a client is prescribed Furosemide is to change positions slowly. Furosemide is a diuretic that can lead to orthostatic hypotension, causing dizziness and increasing the risk of falls. By advising the client to change positions slowly, the nurse helps prevent these adverse effects and ensures the client's safety. Option A is incorrect because Furosemide is usually taken in the morning to prevent disturbed sleep due to frequent urination. Option B is incorrect as Furosemide can cause potassium loss, so advising to avoid foods high in potassium would not be appropriate. Option D is incorrect because taking Furosemide with meals may increase the risk of side effects and decrease its effectiveness.
2. What interventions should be implemented to maintain the skin integrity of a preterm infant born at 30 weeks?
- A. Avoid cleaning the skin
- B. Bathe the infant with sterile water
- C. Cleanse the skin with a gentle alkaline-based soap and water
- D. Thoroughly rinse the skin with plain water after bathing
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct intervention to maintain the skin integrity of a preterm infant born at 30 weeks is to bathe the infant with sterile water. Bathing with sterile water or a neutral pH solution is recommended to protect the delicate skin of preterm infants, which is more permeable and prone to damage. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as avoiding cleaning the skin may lead to hygiene issues, cleansing with alkaline-based soap can be harsh on the delicate skin, and thoroughly rinsing with plain water after bathing may not be as gentle and protective for preterm infants.
3. A client is 2 hours postoperative following a total knee arthroplasty. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?
- A. Heart rate 88/min
- B. Capillary refill of 2 seconds
- C. Pain level of 8 on a scale of 0 to 10
- D. Temperature of 37.8°C (100°F)
Correct answer: C
Rationale: A pain level of 8 is high and may indicate inadequate pain control or complications following surgery. Monitoring and managing pain is crucial postoperatively to ensure patient comfort and prevent complications. A heart rate of 88/min, capillary refill of 2 seconds, and a temperature of 37.8°C (100°F) are within normal ranges and do not typically require immediate reporting unless in the context of other concerning signs or symptoms.
4. A 75-year-old male presents with chest pain on exertion. The chest pain is most likely due to hypoxic injury secondary to:
- A. Malnutrition
- B. Free radicals
- C. Ischemia
- D. Chemical toxicity
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Ischemia. In this scenario, the 75-year-old male experiences chest pain on exertion, which is indicative of angina. Angina is primarily caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle, leading to hypoxic injury. This condition is known as ischemia. Options A, B, and D are incorrect. Malnutrition does not typically cause chest pain related to exertion. Free radicals and chemical toxicity are not common causes of chest pain in the context described. Therefore, the most likely cause of chest pain in this case is ischemia due to reduced blood flow.
5. In females, the twenty-third pair of chromosomes is labeled as __________.
- A. an autosome
- B. dizygotic
- C. XX
- D. XY
Correct answer: C
Rationale: In females, the twenty-third pair of chromosomes is indeed labeled as XX. This pair of chromosomes determines the biological sex of females. Choice A, 'an autosome,' is incorrect as autosomes refer to the non-sex chromosomes. Choice B, 'dizygotic,' is incorrect as it relates to twins. Choice D, 'XY,' is incorrect as it represents the chromosome pair found in males.
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