ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Proctored Exam 2019
1. A client is prescribed Spironolactone. Which of the following laboratory findings should the nurse monitor and report to the provider?
- A. Sodium level of 138 mEq/L
- B. Potassium level of 5.2 mEq/L
- C. Chloride level of 100 mEq/L
- D. Calcium level of 9.5 mg/dL
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic, causing potassium retention, potentially leading to elevated potassium levels. A potassium level of 5.2 mEq/L is above the normal range (3.5-5.0 mEq/L), indicating hyperkalemia, a serious condition. Elevated potassium levels can lead to life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. Monitoring and reporting high potassium levels promptly to the healthcare provider are crucial to prevent potential complications. Sodium, chloride, and calcium levels are not directly influenced by Spironolactone, making choices A, C, and D incorrect.
2. What is the main focus of a risk management program in healthcare?
- A. To reduce hospital readmissions
- B. To manage financial resources
- C. To ensure compliance with healthcare regulations
- D. To improve clinical outcomes
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The main focus of a risk management program in healthcare is to improve clinical outcomes. By identifying and mitigating risks, healthcare organizations aim to enhance patient safety, quality of care, and overall health outcomes. Option A is incorrect because reducing hospital readmissions is a specific goal within healthcare but not the primary focus of risk management. Option B is incorrect as managing financial resources, while important, is more aligned with financial management rather than risk management. Option C is incorrect as ensuring compliance with healthcare regulations is vital but falls under compliance management rather than the primary focus of risk management, which is to improve clinical outcomes.
3. A client has a fungal infection and a new prescription for amphotericin B. Which of the following laboratory values should the nurse report to the provider before initiating the medication?
- A. Sodium 140 mEq/L
- B. Potassium 4.5 mEq/L
- C. BUN 55 mg/dL
- D. Glucose 120 mg/dL
Correct answer: C
Rationale: An elevated BUN level of 55 mg/dL should be reported before starting amphotericin B due to its nephrotoxic effects. Amphotericin B can cause kidney damage, and an elevated BUN indicates impaired kidney function, increasing the risk of further renal damage with this medication. Sodium, potassium, and glucose levels are not directly associated with the nephrotoxic effects of amphotericin B, making choices A, B, and D incorrect.
4. Which part of the brain regulates heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure?
- A. Corpus Callosum
- B. Medulla Oblongata
- C. Pituitary Glands
- D. Pineal Glands
Correct answer: Medulla Oblongata
Rationale: The correct answer is the Medulla Oblongata. This part of the brain is responsible for regulating essential autonomic functions such as heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure. The Corpus Callosum is responsible for connecting the left and right hemispheres of the brain, not for regulating these vital functions. The Pituitary Glands and Pineal Glands are part of the endocrine system and are not directly involved in regulating heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure.
5. Which best describes an example of health advocacy?
- A. Educating policymakers about health issues
- B. Providing direct patient care
- C. Organizing community health fairs
- D. Developing new health technologies
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Educating policymakers about health issues.' Health advocacy involves advocating for improved health outcomes by influencing policy changes through educating policymakers about health issues. This can lead to systemic changes that benefit public health on a broader scale. Providing direct patient care (Choice B) is important but falls under healthcare delivery rather than advocacy. Organizing community health fairs (Choice C) is a community health promotion activity rather than advocacy. Developing new health technologies (Choice D) is related to innovation and research, not advocacy efforts focused on policy change.
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